How to determine that a child has dysbiosis. Changes in normal microflora - intestinal dysbiosis: symptoms and treatment in children, recommendations from specialists. Transient and pathogenic type

Dysbacteriosis is a violation of the properties and composition of the intestinal microflora. Nowadays, dysbiosis in children is a very common occurrence, and its symptoms are very diverse. The relevance of this problem is due to the fact that most of the functions of the intestinal microflora are not always easy to list. But still, some of these basic functions can be named.

Dysbacteriosis in children

Functions of intestinal microflora

Another important point is the organization correct mode day for your baby. Create a favorable emotional background for him, protect him from the occurrence stressful situations, quarrels and conflicts. Communicate with him tenderly and kindly. In addition, to achieve a complete recovery preventive therapy dysbacteriosis must be treated by everyone around the child (father, mother, grandmother, nanny, etc.).

The first stage of treatment is the suppression of pathogenic microbes and normalization of microflora. In case of appetite disturbances, as a rule, glucose-saline solutions are used, which are recommended by doctors. In addition, it is recommended to give the child small doses (up to three times a day). herbal infusions who have antiseptic effect(chamomile, sage, St. John's wort) or those that help normalize stool - blueberries, cinquefoil root, etc.

If severe cases of dysbacteriosis are observed (bloating, discomfort, regurgitation, etc.), it is necessary to include in the child’s diet products that restore the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract and improve its microflora. Such products include fermented milk “Bifilakt”, “Lactobacterin” or antacid “Biolakt”, “Bifilin”, etc.

Intestinal dysbiosis in children is a disease characterized by a failure of the healthy composition of intestinal flora. In dysbiosis, there is a low number of healthy and high percent opportunistic flora. Stomach and intestines healthy child filled with millions of microbes. 90% - elements of obligate flora (lacto-, bifidobacteria, E. coli, anaerobic propionobacteria) involved in the process of food digestion and metabolism. Obligate flora plays a protective function, preventing the development of allergies, infectious diseases of the stomach and intestines, regulates intestinal motility, and normalizes the natural cleansing of the body. 5-10% are represented by facultative flora (opportunistic).

Staphylococci, streptococci, bacilli, fungi, fusobacteria do not cause diseases provided the child has a strong immune system. Intestinal dysbiosis in children develops due to weakening protective functions body, after suffering a viral or bacterial infection, malnutrition, antibiotic therapy, poor ecology. Dysbacteriosis in children under 2 years of age can occur due to late breastfeeding, sudden transfer to artificial feeding or its complete absence. Women's breast milk contains mass useful vitamins, microelements that create favorable conditions for the reproduction of bacteria of obligate flora. Breastfed children are significantly less susceptible to intestinal microflora disturbances compared to formula-fed children. Dibacteriosis in young children (3 years and younger), its characteristics and treatment is the topic of our article.

How to recognize the disease?

Intestinal dysbiosis in children 3 years of age develops against the background of poor nutrition, lack of regimen, congenital or acquired pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, diseases of the liver, gall bladder, pancreas, colon and small intestine. Children susceptible to allergic reactions, living in environmentally unsuitable areas, exposed to radioactive radiation Those who have had intestinal infections suffer from the disease much more often. With dysbiosis in children 3 years old, symptoms of gastritis, pancreatitis, intestinal infection, and colitis are observed. To exclude the above diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, carry out comprehensive examination child, including ultrasound of organs abdominal cavity, microbiological examination of stool, urine, clinical analysis blood. In advanced cases, bacterial examination of scrapings from the colon is indicated. A scraping is taken during colonoscopy (endoscopic diagnosis inner surface colon), gastroscopy. The final diagnosis is made by a pediatric gastroenterologist.

Look for symptoms and signs of illness in a child 3 years of age or younger:

bloating, accumulation of gases;
pain in the intestinal area;
stool disorders (diarrhea, constipation);
nausea, lack of appetite;
vomiting, frequent regurgitation in infants under one year of age;
undigested pieces of food in stool;
bad breath;
putrid smell of feces in a child;
Children at 2 years old do not gain weight and may lose a little weight;
the baby becomes lethargic, weak, sleepy;
babies cry for no reason, press their arms and legs, and sleep poorly. Intestinal colic interfere with eating, which leads to sharp decline appetite.

The above symptoms are a reason to contact medical care. Lack of treatment for dysbacteriosis leads to a deterioration in the baby’s condition and the development of complications of the disease: iron deficiency anemia, vitamin deficiency, inflammation of the rectum (colitis), acute intestinal infection, chronic enterocolitis, sepsis. Timely therapy will protect against dangerous consequences dysbacteriosis in children of different ages. For advice, contact a pediatrician, gastroenterologist, or pediatric nutritionist.

Features of treatment in childhood

Treatment of dysbiosis in children involves a set of procedures aimed at:

eliminating symptoms, alleviating the condition of a small patient;
normalization of intestinal motility;
improving digestion;
improvement of food breakdown, absorption useful substances from the gastrointestinal tract;
elimination of pain in the intestinal area;
improvement of stool, fight against constipation, diarrhea;
improving appetite, eliminating vomiting.

How to treat intestinal dysbiosis in children of different ages? Dysbacteriosis in children is treated with medications, folk remedies, dieting. Drug therapy prescribed by the doctor individually after examining the patient, determining the stage of the disease, the characteristics of its course, the intensity of symptoms, the presence of complications, and additional pathologies. The diagnosis is made after evaluating the results microbiological research feces, urine, general analysis blood. The number of drugs, dosages, and duration of treatment are determined by the doctor in a particular case, taking into account the risks and benefits for the baby’s body.

Treatment for children includes:

taking prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics. Prebiotics are medicines that create suitable conditions for the rapid reproduction of obligate flora bacteria. Children are prescribed Duphalac, Inulin, Lactulose syrup, Eubicor. Probiotics contain live organisms. Once in the intestines, they artificially increase their numbers, displacing representatives of pathogenic flora. Acylact, Bifidumbacterin, Narine, Bifiform are effective. There are monocomponent, polycomponent, antagonists, combined, symbiotics. Synbiotics (not to be confused with symbiotics) are complex preparations that include pre- and probiotics (Normoflorin, Calsis, Bifilar). Such drugs normalize the composition of the intestinal microflora and alleviate the baby’s condition;
for rapid normalization of digestion, better absorption nutrients Enzymes are prescribed (Creon, Festal). It is advisable to take choleretic drugs, hepatoprotectors. For better outflow of bile, take Hofitol, and Ursofalk to protect the liver. Necessity of application medicines determined by the doctor. Mild degree dysbacteriosis does not require taking the above medications.
the complicated course of the disease in a child involves the use of bacteriophages, intestinal antiseptics, systemic antibiotics that act directly on pathogenic organisms, instantly destroying them. Children are prescribed Nifuroxazide, Intetrix in a dosage appropriate age category. Taking antibiotics is supplemented by the use of sorbents (Enterosgel, activated carbon, Smecta). Sorbents accelerate the process of evacuation of dead particles of pathogenic organisms from the gastrointestinal tract;
Dieting is an important part complex treatment dysbiosis in children. The diet should be balanced and include foods containing necessary for the body vitamins, microelements. Eliminate food causing fermentation, gas formation, irritating to the gastrointestinal tract. They eat a lot of fermented milk products (kefir, yogurt, acidophilus milk), lean meat, boiled vegetables, and cereals. Consumption of bran vegetable fiber will restore intestinal motility and resume full cleansing of the body from feces. Don't force him to eat if the baby doesn't want to. Food eaten with appetite, albeit in small quantities, will be more beneficial;
if a microbiological examination of stool reveals fungi of the genus Candida, antifungal drugs are prescribed;
at severe vomiting– glucose-saline solutions that prevent the development of dehydration (Regidron, Citroglucosolan);
For infants under 1 year of age, it is recommended to abolish complementary feeding during treatment, placing emphasis on breast-feeding. Mother's milk will replenish missing vitamins and nutrients, and restore the healthy composition of intestinal microflora.

In addition to the above medications, a course of complex vitamins, immunomodulators, prokinetics (motor stimulants), and medications that combat constipation and diarrhea are prescribed. If dysbiosis is accompanied by an allergic reaction, prescribe antihistamines(Fenistil, Zyrtec, Claritin).

Now you know how to treat intestinal dysbiosis in young children. Self-medication is contraindicated. Before you accept medicinal product, consult a pediatrician or pediatric gastroenterologist. The dietitian will prepare proper diet, corresponding to the requirements of the body of a particular baby.

Prevention of dysbiosis in children

How to prevent the development of intestinal dysbiosis in children? Correct balanced diet, walks on fresh air, physical activity, persistent emotional condition, control of existing diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, long-term breastfeeding is the key to health and proper functioning of the intestines. Do not take systemic antibiotics without consulting a doctor. Frequent treatment antibacterial drugs inevitably causes dysbiosis, because medicinal substances They kill not only pathogenic but also beneficial bacteria. Compliance with preventive measures will protect the baby from developing this unpleasant disease, which causes a lot of physical and psychological discomfort.

Education: Graduated from the Russian National Research Medical University. N.I. Pirogov, Faculty of Medicine. Took advanced training courses. Primary specialization is in coloproctology at the State Research Center of Coloproctology. Worked at the City Scientific and Practical Center for Coloproctology of St. Petersburg.

Experience: Proctologist. Experience medical practice- 25 years. Author of more than 40 articles on medical topics. A regular participant in conferences and symposia, where problems of modern medicine are covered.

Provides highly qualified diagnosis and treatment of many diseases: hemorrhoids, anal fissures, various diseases colon, successfully diagnoses early stages neoplasms of the perianal region and rectum. Also conducts examinations of children.

Dysbacteriosis is an imbalance of intestinal microflora, which is expressed by deterioration of the child’s digestion. Let's figure out why a child can develop dysbiosis, how it manifests itself, is diagnosed and treated.

Causes

The appearance of dysbacteriosis is possible due to:

Antibiotic therapy;
Birth injuries;
Acute or chronic diseases digestive system;
Long-term use of medications;
Staying in environmentally unfavorable conditions;
Stress and frequent colds, as well as passive smoking;
Unbalanced diet, including early introduction of complementary foods;
Helminth infections;
Viral infections.

The high incidence of microflora imbalance in young children is due to the immaturity of the gastrointestinal tract of infants and a large number of risk factors, ranging from pregnancy complications to infectious lesion baby's intestines.

Symptoms

Dysbacteriosis in children manifests itself:

Regurgitation;
Bad breath;
Vomiting;
Sleep disturbances and restless behavior in infancy;
Slow rate of weight gain in the first year of life;
Abundant mushy or liquid stools, with foam, greens, whitish lumps, putrefactive or sour odor;
Attacks of pain several hours after eating;
Rumbling in the stomach and bloating;
Polyhypovitaminosis;
Persistent constipation in older children;
The appearance of intestinal colic;
Feeling of fullness in the stomach after eating;
Decreased appetite;
The appearance of thrush, frequent infectious diseases;
Skin rashes.

Risk factors

In a child, the composition of the microflora can most often be disrupted due to:

Delayed breastfeeding, resulting in the baby not receiving protective factors from colostrum that promote growth beneficial bacteria.
Too early or very abrupt transfer to formula feeding, when beneficial microorganisms have not yet had time to populate the intestines.
An unbalanced diet for an older child if he consumes little fiber, which is important for the life of bacteria in the intestines.

Development of the disease

U healthy children The intestines contain bacteria, represented mainly by lacto- and bifidobacteria, as well as E. coli. Such bacteria make up up to 97% of all microflora in the intestines. They perform many valuable functions for the body - remove toxins, regulate immunity, synthesize vitamins, participate in metabolic processes, stimulate peristalsis, help absorb calcium, and synthesize some amino acids.

Also intestinal microflora partly consists of opportunistic microbes, the number of which increases with adverse effects on the body. In addition, there is always a risk of ingestion pathogenic microorganisms. With dysbacteriosis, the number of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli decreases, and the number of opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria increases.

In children, the prevalence of dysbiosis is primarily due to the fact that at birth their intestines are completely sterile. It is populated by microflora during childbirth, during the first breastfeeding and feeding in the first months of life. That is why feeding with mother's milk is more preferable, since such nutrition helps to populate the baby's intestines with exactly the bacteria that should live there normally.

When exposed to any factor that causes dysbiosis, for example, lack of breastfeeding or long-term treatment antibiotics, the number of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the intestinal flora decreases. There are more pathogenic microorganisms, which leads to disruption of the digestive tract.

Forms of dysbacteriosis

Dysbacteriosis can be classified according to microflora, which this moment predominates in the child’s gastrointestinal tract, for example, candidal or staphylococcal dysbacteriosis.

Depending on the distribution, the pathology can be:

localized;
widespread (also called generalized).

The common form, in addition to disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, can manifest itself as thrush, pneumonia, and sore throat. The latent form is manifested by a slightly reduced appetite, frequent infections and low weight compared to peers.

The course of the disease can be represented by phases of decompensation (the child’s condition worsens) and subcompensation (symptoms are moderate), as well as compensation ( clinical manifestations No). There is also a division of dysbiosis according to severity.

Stages of the disease

First stage is latent dysbacteriosis, which is also called compensated, because digestive function little broken. The child periodically accumulates gases in the intestines and his appetite worsens. Feces may have uneven coloration. Constipation often occurs, but it can also alternate with the passage of loose stools. The child sometimes behaves restlessly and is easily excited.
At the second stage the disease becomes subcompensated. Other symptoms are added that make dysbiosis similar to other diseases of the digestive tract (enteritis, enterocolitis, colitis). The child may vomit poor appetite, bloating, frequent regurgitation. The baby begins to show anxiety about 2 hours after eating. His sleep may be disrupted. The doctor may also note that there is not enough weight gain.
Third stage considered severe. The child's condition is deteriorating, he is lethargic and refuses food. Frequent manifestations of this stage are diarrhea, cramp-like abdominal pain, periodic fever, and constipation. The child suffers from hypovitaminosis and anemia. There is a risk of dehydration and the development of sepsis.

Severity of dysbacteriosis

There are four degrees of severity of this pathology, depending on the results of the study and the identified composition of the microflora:

At first degree The disturbances in the child's body are minor. Bifidobacteria are determined in an amount of at least 107-8. The predominant type of bacteria are anaerobes. The opportunistic flora is represented by up to two types of microorganisms, and their number does not exceed 102-4.
Second degree disorders is characterized by an increase in the number of aerobic bacteria. Their number is compared with anaerobic flora. The number of opportunistic bacteria increases to 106-7. Instead of regular E. coli, lactose-negative and hemolyzing ones are determined.
Signs of the third degree is the predominance of aerobic bacteria. Is detected in the intestines big number opportunistic representatives of microflora, and lacto- and bifidobacteria are sharply reduced.
About the fourth degree they say when bifidobacteria are in digestive tract there are no children, and coli and lactobacilli are significantly reduced. Opportunistic microorganisms with this degree of disease often show resistance to antibiotic therapy.

Diagnostics

Dysbacteriosis can be identified based on clinical manifestations after prescription additional research– coprogram, biochemical, as well as bacteriological analysis of feces.

Treatment

Therapy for dysbacteriosis, if the doctor, after tests and assessment of clinical manifestations, has concluded that it is necessary, includes the elimination of pathological microflora and intoxication, restoration of digestion with the help of enzymes, as well as treatment of lactase deficiency if it is detected.

First of all, pay attention to the diet of a child with dysbiosis, as well as the diet. Treatment with antibiotics is possible only after prescription by a doctor if indicated. The child may be prescribed bacteriophages and intestinal antiseptics. Great importance is paid to taking probiotics.

In a baby

For infant one of important factors The treatment for intestinal dysbiosis is breastfeeding. If this is not possible for certain reasons, the child should be fed an adapted formula enriched with protective factors.

Consequences of the disease

Due to dysbacteriosis, the child’s immunity decreases, so the baby becomes less protected from various viral and bacterial infections. Dysbacteriosis can also affect the absorption of nutrients in the intestines, which leads to insufficient intake of mineral compounds and vitamins into the child’s body.

Dysbacteriosis is a very common phenomenon for childhood, this is not a disease, but rather a condition of the body that reflects recent events - taking antibiotics, intestinal infection, prolonged malnutrition, stress, as a result of which the number of beneficial lacto- and bifidobacteria in the intestines has decreased and the proliferation of harmful, pathogenic ones has increased. All this leads to an unpleasant clinic, a lack of vitamins, especially deterioration of the condition of the skin, hair and nails. How smaller child, the more often dysbacteriosis occurs.

Newborn period. More often, infants born using the method encounter bacteriosis. caesarean section(since in the first days of life they receive formula and antibiotics), and children who are on.

Manifestations of dysbacteriosis in them are:

Anxiety and screaming.
Bloating, which is accompanied by.
Heterogeneous stools, often liquid, with mucus and greens. The consistency of the stool may be inconsistent - there are alternations of normal and liquid, there may be.

In preschool and younger children school age The clinic of dysbacteriosis usually occurs in the second half of the day and is manifested by the following symptoms:

A rumbling sound that can easily be heard by a prying ear from a distance.
Spasmodic pain over the entire surface of the abdomen; the child cannot point to a specific area of pain.
Dyspeptic symptoms: loss of appetite, belching.
From common symptoms: the temperature may intermittently rise to low numbers (37.0–37.2), irritability, drowsiness and insomnia, children, there may be a tendency to anemia.
Changes in stool to liquid, the appearance of mucus, alternation of normal and liquid stool are manifestations of more severe forms of dysbacteriosis.

In children adolescence all the same symptoms are observed, but less pronounced; they usually seek help due to stool instability and general fatigue.

If untreated dysbiosis is prolonged, then symptoms of vitamin deficiency appear: red tongue, increased amount saliva, dry skin and visible mucous membranes. Children become apathetic and tired. It may appear.

On a note! A stool analysis may not confirm the condition of the intestines - dysbiosis, since the stool must be examined in a warm, fresh state. But even with correct technique When collecting an analysis, a false negative result may occur, since more often stool reflects the state of the intestinal flora in the lumen, but is not able to fully reflect the state in the intestinal wall.

Diet for dysbiosis

The most suitable food for a baby suffering from dysbiosis is mother's milk.

Infants should be strictly breastfed; if the mother has already completely interrupted breastfeeding, then an adapted formula should be chosen. The most favorable for intestinal microflora are “Nutrilon Omneo”, “Frisov”, “Lactofidus”, “NAN with bifidobacteria”, “Humana”, “Malyutka acidophilus” and other mixtures with the addition of probiotics; Nucleotides added to the mixture have a positive effect on the intestinal flora.

For children older than six months, it is necessary to use subsequent mixtures with pre-, probiotics, from 8 months - dairy products based on adapted milk formulas. Prepare, introduce into complementary foods, juices.

Children who eat from a common table do not need any restrictive or strict diet; they are recommended to:

Reduce consumption of spicy and.
Prepare vegetable salads every day with the addition of, be sure to eat fruits, except grapes and pears.
It is recommended to eat dietary bread and cookies with the addition of wheat. You can give crackers for tea. bran is a nutritional substrate for healthy intestinal flora.
It becomes a mandatory attribute - at least 0.5 liters per day, or it is worth doubling the amount usual for the child. From 10 months, children can be given “live” yoghurts. For children from 1 to 1.5 years old, fermented milk products made from whole milk should be used - bicillin, children's kefir, whey-based drinks. Children over 1.5 years old can additionally be offered fermented milk products with prebiotics (lactulose) and probiotics - kefir, curdled milk, yogurt.
Breakfast should consist of easily digestible food. You can add fiber to porridge and muesli. You should use whole grain cereals and cook them in water. Oatmeal has a good enveloping effect.
You should not force the child to eat during this period - it intensifies putrefactive processes, and this should not be allowed during treatment.
Preferred cooking methods – steam, boil, bake, can be cooked healthy food in a slow cooker.

On a note! Plants that reduce the manifestations of dysbiosis and promote the growth of normal intestinal flora:

, lingonberries, strawberries, raspberries, currants, barberries - can be eaten fresh, cooked in compotes, or eaten dried.
Apricot, apple,
Horseradish, onion, radish, dill, caraway seeds, pepper, cinnamon.

Interesting to know! In Omsk, in 15 kindergartens, children are given ice cream with the addition of lacto- and bifidobacteria, which was created by Tomsk doctors medical university. Ice cream is included in the diet in courses of 30 days, the main goal of the experiment is the prevention of dysbiosis. The study showed positive results. This bio-ice cream won first place in an international innovation competition.

Supplements for dysbiosis

Regardless of the degree of dysbiosis, all children, especially newborns, are prescribed probiotics (preparations containing live bacteria): Bifidumbacterin, Lactobacterin, Acylact, Linex, Bifiform, Bifiliz, Acipol. Acipol is allowed for children over three months old, all others are allowed from birth, the course of taking any of these probiotics is 2 weeks. Also, in severe forms of dysbiosis, you can consult a pediatrician about the need to use bacterial preparations Hilak forte, lactulose, which restore intestinal cells. After taking a course of one of the drugs, it is advisable to take a stool test and check with a pediatrician to determine further actions.

The use of Smecta is completely justified.

The intestinal flora is especially well seeded when the child is given infusions medicinal plants with impact on gastrointestinal tract and gastroenterological herbal teas. They can be used no earlier than six years of age. Basically, the course lasts from 2 weeks to two months, longer use with breaks is possible.

And finally: in order for the treatment of dysbiosis to give quick and high-quality results, it is necessary to eliminate the cause of its occurrence.

The program “Doctor Komarovsky’s School” talks about the treatment of dysbiosis in children:

Dysbacteriosis can appear at any age, but most often it affects young children. This disease begins to manifest itself when the body ceases to cope with disturbances in the digestive system. In the first stages of the development of dysbiosis, when the number of pathogenic microorganisms is not so strong Negative influence microflora, as well as their numbers are slightly increased, symptoms will manifest themselves weakly or will be absent altogether, which sometimes makes it difficult to make a diagnosis and prescribe timely treatment.

The manifestation of dysbacteriosis in both adults and children is not specific. Symptoms of dysbiosis may indicate other diseases of the digestive system that have various causes.

Symptoms for 2 years are the same as the symptoms of any disease associated with disruption of the gastrointestinal tract. From birth to 2 years of age and beyond, babies may suffer from abdominal pain, colic, constipation, diarrhea and increased gas formation. Such manifestations do not always indicate a violation of the intestinal microflora. However, if your child has dryness skin, there is skin irritation, general state skin and nails have deteriorated, appetite has become weak, then in this case you need to consult a doctor.

Nails and hair may become flaky and dry because there is an imbalance of harmful and beneficial bacteria in the intestines, which interferes with the proper and complete absorption of nutrients and vitamins. In addition to beneficial microelements, water absorption may be impaired, which leads to dry skin. The child also becomes lethargic and capricious, despite the lack of energy, he sleeps poorly. Dyspeptic disorders may occur.

Video: Dysbacteriosis and treatment in children

Another distinctive characteristic of dysbiosis in children is an increase in stool frequency, even in the absence of diarrhea and constipation. Parents often observe that the child asks to go potty immediately after eating. Particles of undigested food, mucus and other liquid may be found in the stool. A sour or putrid smell of stool may indicate the predominance of pathogenic microorganisms in the intestines. As the disease progresses, the baby's temperature may rise to subfebrile levels. Violation of intestinal microflora may be associated with the presence of infections that require immediate treatment.

How does dysbiosis develop?

Dysbacteriosis can occur as a result of a previous disease or occur together with the disease. Usually, a disturbance in the intestinal microflora can worsen the course of the underlying disease, so first of all it is necessary to eradicate the root cause. The causes of the disease can be divided into several groups depending on the age of the child.

Dysbacteriosis in newborns

Microflora disturbances in newborns can occur due to provocations of the following factors:

if during pregnancy future mom transferred infectious diseases gastrointestinal organs;
injuries during childbirth;
if for some reason the baby was not immediately put to the breast;
stress suffered by the baby, including due to birth injuries.

Dysbacteriosis in children under 2-3 years of age

This group includes babies whose intestinal microflora has been disrupted due to feeding. Dysbacteriosis may develop in the presence of the following factors:

artificial feeding;
incorrectly selected mixtures;
at frequent shifts mixtures;
improper attachment of the baby to the breast, swallowing air;
intolerance by the child's body to formula or milk;
earlier introduction of complementary foods that are not age appropriate: meat, fruit and vegetable purees, cereals, sweet compotes, etc.;
taking antibiotics while breastfeeding or directly treating the baby with them;
frequent occurrence of infectious and viral diseases;
reduced immunity.

Corrective treatment must begin much earlier, since the child may develop serious illnesses that are difficult to treat.

How to suspect dysbiosis?

As already mentioned, dysbiosis may manifest itself weakly or not at all, so parents should pay attention to any manifestations that may be associated with dysbiosis or any other gastrointestinal disease:

stomach ache;
the child presses his legs to his stomach;
frequent loose stool with a green tint;
foamy stools containing mucus or parts of undigested food;
putrid or sour smell feces;
the occurrence of pain and severe pain in the stomach a few hours after eating;
strong gas formation;
rumbling;
belching;
lack of appetite;
urge to defecate;
nausea, sometimes vomiting;
constipation;
flatulence;
rumbling;
lag in weight gain;
the occurrence of allergic rashes.

With more severe course diseases, the child may develop thrush, sore throat, pneumonia and damage to the gastrointestinal tract. These diseases often accompany the highest stage of dysbiosis, when pathogenic microorganisms rapidly spread throughout the body. Doctors often observe the progression of all diseases simultaneously.

The main symptoms of dysbiosis in children 2 years old

All of these symptoms may also apply to other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Doctors have identified several main symptoms that indicate that the child has dysbiosis:

Dyspeptic manifestations. The child has frequent bowel movements because the stool is liquid in the area anus Irritation may begin in the form of burning and itching due to cracks that have appeared. A putrid odor and foamy consistency of stool are one indicator of the presence of large quantity pathogenic microorganisms in the intestines. From time to time, diarrhea may be replaced by constipation, bloating and lack of weight gain are noted.
Stomach ache. The nature of the pain may vary; its intensity and localization may decrease or disappear altogether after defecation or the passage of gas. Usually the pain occurs in attacks several hours after eating.
Allergy. Due to a violation of the intestinal microflora, more than 90% of children develop allergic reactions, which manifest themselves in intolerance to certain foods, and may appear skin rashes, bronchial asthma, itching and swelling.
Impaired absorption of nutrients. Due to the development of harmful bacteria in the intestines, the absorption of vitamins and fluids is disrupted, which leads to the development of anemia and hypovitaminosis. Parents may notice pale skin and bleeding gums.
Intoxication. The waste products of microorganisms can have an intoxicating effect on the body, which is manifested by nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, insomnia and headaches - this can cause lag physical development baby.
Reduced the immune system. Dysbacteriosis can cause frequent viral diseases, as well as fungal infections.

If you have one or more symptoms, you should consult a doctor; you should not self-medicate.

Diagnosis and treatment

Symptoms of dysbiosis can greatly disturb a child, so first of all, treatment should be aimed at eliminating the symptoms, while at the same time it is necessary to treat the root cause. To correctly prescribe treatment, the doctor prescribes a diagnostic examination, which includes:

After the examinations, the doctor prescribes individual treatment, which should include:

dietary adjustments, exclusion of foods that can provoke allergic reaction, diarrhea or constipation;
prescription of drugs to normalize intestinal microflora (probiotics): Hilak Forte, Lactofiltrum, Acipol, etc.;
appointment of bacteriophages;
prebiotics;
in some cases, the doctor may prescribe symbiotics.

Also, when treating dysbiosis in children 2 years old, doctors recommend giving the child simultaneously with treatment fermented milk drinks, enriched with bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, these include: Bifidok, Bifilin, Actimel, Activia. These products cannot replace treatment, but they will help for faster recovery.

Also don't forget about preventive measures, it is better to prevent a disease than to treat it long and hard. If possible, still in infancy Breastfeeding is necessary - this is one of the first conditions that will later help the child grow and develop healthy.