Preparations for restoring the natural intestinal microflora. How to understand that the microflora is disturbed. Taking medications to eliminate dysbiosis

How to restore and preserve beneficial intestinal microflora?

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Microflora represents metabolic system, which produces and destroys both its own and foreign substances that take part in the absorption and transfer of beneficial as well as harmful agents. This system is always in close relationship with external environment and the microbes present in it. Considering this fact, it is simply impossible to call it stable.

What is intestinal microflora?

Intestinal microflora is a range of living microorganisms that can be both beneficial and dangerous to a person’s overall health. There are more than 500 species of these microorganisms. Their total weight reaches 2.5 - 4 kg. The entire microbial world intestines It is represented by two types of flora, namely mucosal and luminal.

Mucosal flora is in close relationship with the mucous membrane gastrointestinal tract, while forming numerous microcolonies of bacteria and their metabolic products.

Luminal flora is located in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract, which is why it cannot contact the mucous membrane. Its “survival” is possible only through dietary fiber, which remain not fully digested. It is to these fibers that it is attached.

There is another classification of intestinal flora, according to which it is divided into:
1. Optional part – consisting of bacteria that are found in the body of all healthy people. An excessive amount of them can cause the development of a particular disease only if there is a strong decrease in the body’s defenses.

2. Obligate part – consisting of microorganisms that are always present in the beneficial flora. They take an integral part in metabolic processes ( metabolism), and also help the body fight various infections.

3. Transient part – consisting of random microorganisms that are not able to stay in the intestines for a long period of time. All these microorganisms tend to provoke the development of various infectious pathologies.

The relationship between different groups of microorganisms plays a very important role important role, since it is this that determines the general well-being of a person. As soon as any deviations from the norm make themselves known, a person almost immediately begins to be bothered by unpleasant signs various diseases.

How is intestinal flora formed?

When a baby is born, its intestines are sterile. For the first time he encounters microbes in the delivery room. Since the immunity of babies is very weak, they are simply unable to withstand the onslaught of the microbial world. Given this fact, babies are placed on their mothers’ stomachs immediately after birth. The skin of women in labor contains beneficial flora, part of which is taken by the newborn. The baby’s gastrointestinal tract also receives a large number of beneficial microorganisms from the first drops of colostrum, a secretion of the mammary gland, which contains an accumulation of a number of useful components. Over the next 3 - 5 days, the intestine is filled with other microorganisms, including pathogenic flora, which causes the development of transient, i.e. temporary intestinal dysbiosis. Temporary dysbiosis does not require a specific course of therapy. As a rule, all its signs disappear on their own by the end of the 2nd week of the child’s life.

Beneficial intestinal microflora

The beneficial intestinal flora represents a barrier that prevents various infections penetrate the gastrointestinal tract. With its help, it is possible to prevent the mass reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms.

She performs a whole range of vital important functions, namely:

protective: it protects from dangerous microbes by forming a very dense film consisting mainly of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli ( gram-positive anaerobic bacteria).
digestive: takes part in the process of digestion and metabolism.
immunomodulatory: accelerates the formation of immunity and makes it work.
synthetic: carries out vitamin synthesis K, C, B1, B2, B6, B12, folic and pantothenic acids.

Of all the above functions, the most vulnerable is the synthetic one. This function can either decrease or completely stop under the influence of any, even the most insignificant, factors. It is affected by both changes in weather conditions and changes in diet or diet. Putrefactive flora has a particularly harmful effect on it. In order for the composition and functions of the flora to remain normal at all times, you should first of all not interfere with the normal functioning of beneficial microbes. In addition, you need to remember the importance of a healthy lifestyle and regular physical activity. If these rules are ignored, then you will have to face such an unpleasant phenomenon as intestinal dysbiosis.

What is intestinal dysbiosis?

Dysbacteriosis is a violation of the normal ratio between certain types of microorganisms in the intestines. This term appeared in medicine in 1916. It was introduced by a German scientist A. Nisle. This disorder is very common - in adults it is observed in 90% of cases, but in children in 95%.

Factors provoking the development of intestinal dysbiosis

frequent stressful conditions.
various pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract.
Not balanced diet.
intestinal infectious diseases.
frequently recurring respiratory viral infections ( acute respiratory infections).
age-related changes in the properties of microflora.
irrational use of medications.
decreased immunity.
allergic reactions.
chemotherapy or radiation therapy in the treatment of cancer patients.

Symptoms observed with dysbacteriosis

Organs and systems	Symptoms
From the gastrointestinal tract ( gastrointestinal tract)	Abdominal pain, flatulence ( excessive bloating); metallic taste in the mouth, diarrhea, constipation, rumbling; nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, belching; feeling incomplete emptying intestines, sheep feces, frequent urge for defecation.
From the outside skin and mucous membranes	Itching, various allergic rashes, dryness, angulitis ( jams).
From the side of the central nervous system ( central nervous system)	Headache , fast fatiguability, sleep disturbance, general weakness.

Diagnosis of intestinal dysbiosis

To identify dysbacteriosis, you must first consult a specialist. The doctor will listen to your complaints and refer you for the necessary examinations, namely:
1. Scatological research – study of the microbial composition of feces in order to identify certain intestinal dysfunctions.
2. Microbiological examination – study of the relationship various types microorganisms of normal flora and determination of their sensitivity to antibiotics and bacteriophages ( bacterial viruses).

The results of these studies make it possible to obtain an accurate picture of the general condition of the entire digestive system.

How to restore beneficial microflora?

To restore intestinal flora, you should first establish the real reason, which provoked the development of dysbiosis. In addition, it is necessary to normalize nutrition, take advantage of probiotics, and cleanse the intestines. Do not forget about folk remedies, which can be used simultaneously with medications that were prescribed to you by a specialist.

Probiotics

Probiotics are preparations that contain live strains of bacteria. They are intended to restore the biological balance of the intestines. All drugs in this group are of natural origin. The strains of bacteria that make up them are created from microbes that were taken from the bodies of completely healthy people. Having penetrated the patient’s intestines, these bacteria settle in it and begin to multiply, while destroying pathogenic ( pathogenic) microorganisms. Live strains of bacteria also tend to improve the digestion process and strengthen the body's defenses. These medications are selected in accordance with the results of a stool study, which accurately indicate which beneficial microorganisms the intestines lack. Some of the most common probiotics include: bactisubtil, bifidumbacterin forte, biovestin, Linux and others.
Children under 2 years old Linux prescribed 1 capsule 3 times a day. If the child is from 2 to 12 years old, then he can be given 1 - 2 capsules this drug 3 times a day. Adults can take 2 capsules of the medication 3 times a day.

Nutrition

Nutrition for disturbed intestinal microflora should be fractional. You should eat small portions 5-6 times a day. All tannin-rich foods should be removed from the diet ( gallotannic acid ), namely bird cherry, cocoa, blueberries, strong tea and chocolate. Bananas are also not recommended. It is prohibited to consume cooked food while it is hot.
We enrich the menu with raw fruits and vegetables, rye bread, vegetable oil and cereals. It is recommended to consume boiled meat in large quantities, as well as fish, dried fruits, White bread with bran, mineral water with gases, kumiss, yogurt and one-day kefir.

Purgation

In the course of the studies, specialists were able to prove that sometimes the intestinal microflora is disturbed due to the large amount of waste accumulated in this organ. Apples will help cleanse your intestines. Take 5 kg of ripe Antonov apples, rinse them thoroughly and place in a saucepan. Pour boiled water over the apples, cover with a lid and place in a warm place for 120 minutes. After this, rub the apples through a colander. You should rub them until you get a homogeneous mass. It is this mass that should be consumed for 3-4 days, while excluding all other foods from the diet. This is a kind of diet that will help completely cleanse the intestines and restore all its functions.

ethnoscience

Recipe No. 1: you need to take 15g of crushed burnet roots, pour 200g of boiled water over the raw material and leave on low heat for 15 - 20 minutes. Strain the resulting broth and take 1 tbsp orally. l. 5 - 6 times a day. The course of therapy is 1 month.

Recipe No. 2: steam 3 tbsp. l. fresh mint leaves in 1 tbsp. boiled water. As soon as the infusion has cooled, filter it and take 3/4 cup orally 4 times a day.

Recipe No. 3: take 4 tsp. dill seeds, pour raw materials 1 tbsp. boiling water and leave for 120 minutes. We drink the resulting product every 2 hours throughout the day.

Recipe No. 4: mix 10g of peeled pumpkin seeds, purified sunflower seeds and kernels walnuts . Grind the mixture of ingredients in a coffee grinder and dilute it in 100 ml of warm boiled water. We take 50 ml 2 times a day. The course of therapy is 10 days.

Recipe No. 5: take 2 tbsp. dried chamomile herb and steam the raw materials in 200g of boiling water. After 30 minutes, filter the infusion and take 1/4 cup 3 times a day.

Measures to prevent intestinal dysbiosis

Primary prevention is complex, as it involves improving nutrition and the environment, as well as completely eliminating stress and other negative factors. As for secondary prevention measures, they are much easier to adhere to. First of all, you need to pay special attention close attention on diet and menu composition. In addition, learn how to rationally use antibiotic drugs, as well as other medications that tend to disrupt the intestinal microflora. During the course of treatment with such drugs, you should take special medications, which help maintain normal growth and development of normal flora. We should not forget about the importance of timely treatment of existing pathologies, especially if these are diseases of the digestive tract.
Before use, you should consult a specialist.

When wondering how to restore intestinal microflora, you should remember that treatment is selected based on the causes of existing symptoms and disorders. They mainly use pre- and probiotics, enzymes, anti- and symbiotics, diet and some folk remedies.

The course of therapy should include a complex of drugs to restore digestion and ensure the supply of vitamins and beneficial microorganisms. That is why, when dysbiosis appears, it is important to immediately consult a doctor.

General information about microflora

Intestinal microflora are living organisms that live in the body of every person. There are more than 500 types of them, and there are both useful and harmful.

The inhabitants of the human intestine can be divided into mucosal and luminal flora.

The first is localized on the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract, where it multiplies safely. The second species lives in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract, its vital activity is supported by dietary fiber, to which microorganisms are attached.

Flora is classified according to its usefulness to the body:

The facultative subtype consists of microorganisms that are necessary for humans. They do not cause disease.
Obligate flora belongs to the opportunistic species. In small quantities it has positive influence to your health. Such microorganisms participate in metabolism and help fight infections. The pathological process can be caused by a weakened immune system, which entails the development of an infectious environment.
Transient organisms are occasional residents of the intestine. They can get into it by eating dirty food or by insufficient heat treatment of foods. Since it is unusual for him to be inside the body, he lives pathogenic type not for long, but during this time a favorable environment is created for the further development of the infection.

The correct ratio of microorganisms in the intestines determines the health of the organ. If an imbalance occurs, a person’s well-being worsens. Beneficial microflora serves as a barrier to pests In addition, it is involved in the processes of digestion and absorption of nutrients.

The formation of flora begins from the moment of birth, when a newly born baby is laid on the mother’s stomach and given a drop of colostrum to taste. Subsequently, the human body accepts both healthy and pathogenic environments. When there is an excess of harmful organisms, dysbacteriosis begins.

Causes

The following can lead to the development of imbalance:

Dysbacteriosis often occurs after suffering from certain diseases or exposure of the flora to certain unfavorable conditions. These include:

Long-term use of antibiotics, when the drugs destroy not only pathogenic flora, but also beneficial bacteria.
Poisoning. At the same time, toxins quickly spread in the body, which leads to dehydration of the body and the death of good microflora.
Diarrhea due to poor diet or presence viral infections. Rapid bowel movements wash away all beneficial flora.
Weakening of the immune system when vitamins enter the body in insufficient quantities or there are problems with digesting food and absorbing nutrients.

Characteristics

Symptoms of microflora disorders can be quite clearly observed in both adults and children. In men and women, the main manifestations are the following:

Abnormal stool. Most often, diarrhea begins, but the condition may alternate with constipation.
Pain localized in the lower abdomen.
Bloating, flatulence.
Fatigue, apathy, depression.
Dizziness, headaches.
Brittle hair and nails, dry and painful skin.

The main causes of imbalance in a child are malnutrition and diseases of internal organs: the liver, gall bladder and its ducts, pancreas, stomach and intestines. They can be either congenital or acquired under the influence of a number of factors.

Parents should pay attention to the following symptoms:

Bloating, flatulence.
Pain in the intestinal area.
Abnormal bowel movements, alternating constipation and diarrhea.
The presence of nausea, vomiting, and lack of appetite.
The baby spits up more than normal.
The presence of undigested food residues in the stool.
Availability unpleasant odor from oral cavity.
Rapid weight loss.
Drowsiness, fatigue, lethargy, decreased performance.
Putrid smell of feces.

Treatment

In order to restore the balance, drugs are used to normalize the microflora; they use a number of methods that together give good effect. In general this is:

Reception medical supplies.
Dieting.
Application herbal infusions and tinctures.

Drug treatment

Medicines for dysbiosis provide several ways to approach the problem. Usually prescribed:

Antibiotics. Recommended in severe cases of pathology to eliminate pathogenic flora.
Prebiotics. They create a favorable environment for the life of beneficial bacteria.
Probiotics are analogues of intestinal microorganisms.
Symbiotics help create the right microflora by colonizing bacteria and provide a suitable environment for their development.
Enzymes. Helps normalize the process of food digestion.

When choosing a remedy, they are often based on symptoms. For diarrhea, probiotics help, after constipation, prebiotics; for unstable stools, it is recommended to take symbiotics.

Antibiotics

Means for eliminating harmful microorganisms help cope with fungi, E. coli, and staphylococci.

The most common is Metronidazole, it comes in capsule form. When wondering how to restore the intestinal flora, for the greatest effectiveness, before prescribing drugs, it is necessary to conduct an examination for the presence of pathogens and their resistance to drugs.

Prebiotics

Helps eliminate colon discomfort and create the stage for probiotics to start and grow. For this purpose, you can take inexpensive but effective drugs:

Duphalac in suspension.
Lactofiltrum tablets.
Lactusan in the form of syrup.

Drugs in this group are often prescribed after diarrhea or a course of antibiotics. In this case, the body needs them to reduce gas formation, improve the digestion process, and heal affected areas of the intestinal mucosa.

The most effective foods are bananas, garlic, and onions.

Probiotics

They populate the intestinal flora with beneficial microorganisms. The best probiotics contain bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Representatives of this group may contain either one type of beneficial microorganisms or a complex of bacteria. The most popular:

Bifidumbacterin powder.
Linex in capsules.
Lactobacterin suppositories.
Acylact in the form of rectal suspensions.
Acipol.

Healthy foods include cottage cheese, kefir and homemade sauerkraut.

Symbiotics

Preparations in this group combine the properties of pre- and probiotics, helping to create comfortable conditions for the development of beneficial microorganisms, while at the same time populating the intestines with the necessary bacteria.

The most popular symbiotics are:

Biovestin Lacto.
Bifidoback.
Hilak Forte.

Enzymes

They help normalize the digestion process. Recommended to use:

Mezim Forte.
Kreazim.
Creon.
Festal.

Prescribing medications after a course of antibiotics and poisoning

To cope with imbalance after microflora disturbance, it is recommended to select medicines for their intended purpose:

After antibiotics, it is recommended to use mash. To do this, add 1 tbsp to 500 ml of warm water. a spoonful of honey and sugar, 2 g of yeast. After stirring, leave to ferment for about 2 hours in a warm place. The product is divided in half and drunk between meals.

Restoration of microflora in children

At a young age, problems with microflora are observed quite often. Treatment of pathology must be carried out with age-appropriate drugs. The baby only needs milk from the mother, who adheres to a special diet.

For older children the following is prescribed:

Linex powder.
Plantex.
Hilak Forte drops.
Fennel seeds.

The latter is used to make tea for children. At 3 tbsp. spoons of seeds need 500 ml of boiling water. After brewing the product, keep it in a water bath for 10 minutes. After cooling, filter and give to the baby to drink throughout the day.

Home treatments

You can restore microflora using folk remedies. They are able to effectively combat flatulence, bloating, and pain. For dysbacteriosis, the following are most often used:

Herbal infusion of St. John's wort, medicinal chamomile and flax seeds. All ingredients are mixed in equal proportions and 1 tbsp. pour a spoonful of the mixture with 0.5 liters of boiling water. Leave for about an hour, then filter and drink 150 ml daily before meals.
Burnet drink. 300 g of bark is peeled and crushed, then pour 350 ml of boiling water and cook for about 10 minutes. After straining, drink 2 tbsp. spoons every 2 hours.
Infusion of elecampane. 1 tbsp. a spoonful of crushed root is poured into a glass cold water and insist overnight. After straining, take 50 ml before meals.
An infusion of 5 parts of eucalyptus, one - dill seeds, three - peppermint. After mixing the herbs, take 1 tbsp. spoon of raw material and pour 1 liter hot water. It is necessary to insist for at least an hour, then drink 1 glass before meals.

Nutritional standards for dysbiosis

A very important role in microflora disturbances is played by the correct diet and balanced menu. It is the adjustment of the foods consumed that can normalize the digestion process, eliminate problems with stool and gas formation, and also help the body obtain the missing vitamins and bacteria.

The diet should be selected depending on the symptoms:

For constipation, it is recommended to eat oatmeal, beets, sour fruits, bran, and flaxseed.
For diarrhea, it is useful to eat mashed boiled cauliflower, carrots and zucchini, and baked apples. You can drink lingonberry juice and blueberry jelly. Porridge - mainly rice and oatmeal. You can eat steamed meat and fish dishes.
In case of flatulence, it is advisable for the patient to exclude legumes, whole milk, sweet dishes, and baked goods from the menu. It is necessary to increase the level of protein in your daily diet. It is useful to prepare light broths, steamed omelettes, and baked potatoes.

If the microflora is disturbed, nutrition should be supplemented with prebiotics to maintain immunity. Their highest content is found in chicory, garlic, onions, dandelion greens, asparagus, banana, and bran.

Recovery optimal level It is useful to include lacto- and bifidobacteria in the menu daily dairy products. They activate the gastrointestinal tract and promote the synthesis of vitamin K and B.

A gradual restoration of microflora is observed when consuming buckwheat and rolled oats. They normalize metabolic processes, promote the removal of toxins and waste.

Sour berries and fruits contain organic acids that eliminate intestinal problems. It is useful to eat cranberries, cherries, rosehips, cherry plums, and apples.

Rules for following a diet

In addition to selection necessary products, it is important to organize your meals correctly.

Consume only freshly prepared food.
Eat warm food.
Avoid overeating, as this slows down the digestion process.
Periodically arrange fasting days.
When cooking, steam or boil foods.
Eliminate salt or use it in limited quantities.
In nutrition, focus on slimy porridges.
Eat fruits and vegetables rich in fiber.
Eat meals in small portions, at least 5 times a day.

Prohibited Products

Fatty meats and fish.
Smoked meats, salt, seasonings and spices.
Canned
Grain bread.
Muffins.
Confectionery products with added chocolate.
Pearl barley, eggs and millet.
Gribov.
Bobovykh.
Ketchups, sauces and mayonnaise.
Coffee, cocoa.

Complications

If dysbacteriosis is not treated in a timely manner, the process can progress and develop into:

Iron deficiency anemia.
Inflammation of the rectum.
Lack of vitamins – vitamin deficiency.
Intestinal infection.
Chronic enterocolitis.
Sepsis.

Preventive actions

The development of the disease can be avoided by following medical recommendations:

To refuse from bad habits.
Watch your diet.
Try to avoid stress.
Take medications only as prescribed by a doctor and do not exceed recommended doses.
If gastrointestinal pathologies occur, treat the disease in a timely manner.
When treated with antibiotics, take agents to stimulate the growth of normal flora.

Recovering from imbalances of bacteria in the intestines is a rather long and difficult task. To avoid health problems, you need to strengthen your immune system, monitor your diet, lead an active lifestyle and give up bad habits.

Many body functions depend on the quality of the intestines. Any deviation in condition can lead to serious pathological processes in the absence of proper treatment. An important role is played by intestinal microflora, which consists of bacteria beneficial to the body. They help digestion and protect the body. Therefore, with the development of dysbiosis, many are interested in how to restore the intestinal microflora, but before finding out about this, it is recommended to find out the causes and symptoms characteristic of this process.

Causes of imbalance

A violation of the intestinal microflora cannot appear without affecting the body. Therefore, attention should be paid to the presence of predisposing factors. The reasons for the development of dysbiosis are considered:

Taking medications;
Malnutrition, frequent consumption of unbalanced, freeze-dried foods, lack of a recommended regimen;
Low level of immune defense, especially if a person suffers an infectious pathology;
Stressful situations;
Lack of an active lifestyle, working in a sitting position;
Intoxication;
Abuse bad habits, for example, smoking or drinking alcoholic beverages;
Development of gastritis, ulcers, and other pathological processes in the gastrointestinal tract;
Surgical interventions.

The reasons for the occurrence of pathogenic flora, most often, gradually affect the intestines. Sudden changes can happen extremely rarely, for example, when taking antibiotics.

Symptoms of disorders

To make sure that there are reasons for concern, 2-3 signs are enough. Therefore, if they are detected, it is not recommended to delay treatment. Violation of intestinal microflora manifests itself:

Constipation or diarrhea;
Heartburn;
Bloating;
Painful sensations in the abdominal cavity;
Partial or complete loss of appetite;
The change in the condition of the skin is not for the better, the skin becomes covered with acne and acquires a grayish tint;
The presence of an unpleasant odor from the oral cavity, which does not depend on the condition of the teeth;
Low level of immune protection;
Frequent colds or flu;
Failure of any organ if dysbiosis is in an advanced stage.

At the first stage of the disease there are no serious signs development of malaise. The second stage is characterized by the manifestation of diarrhea or constipation. At the third stage, it is difficult to cure dysbiosis, since bacteria can enter the bloodstream and completely infect the human body. The combination of several symptoms is a reason to contact a doctor for treatment recommendations.

Diagnostic methods

Only a doctor can diagnose dysbiosis. Therefore, you should not thoughtlessly start taking products to restore microflora. The doctor will collect information about the symptoms, their duration, and degree of manifestation. He will perform palpation in order to initially exclude concomitant diseases, after which he will prescribe a series of tests. Be sure to carry out blood tests for general biochemical analysis, feces, to determine possible reason and the degree of the disease. If necessary, an endoscopy is performed, in which a smear is taken from the intestinal walls to determine the bacteria. Colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, fluoroscopy, irrigoscopy or gastroscopy procedures are less commonly prescribed as informative ways to assess the condition of the intestines.

These measures are necessary, because without knowing which bacterium has infected the intestines, it will not be possible to find effective treatment. It is important to remember that any negative manifestation of the disease must be suppressed before serious complications arise, such as intoxication of the body.

Recovery methods

It will take a certain period of time to restore the intestinal microflora, in mild cases 3 weeks remain, in aggravating circumstances it may take several months to full recovery. To improve bowel function, an individual approach will be required. Medicines are prescribed according to symptoms pathological process, the reason for its development. Without identifying the cause of the disease, it will not be possible to determine effective method treatment, because of this the therapy will be incomplete.

You will need to go through a series therapeutic measures. First of all, they consist in eliminating emerging pathogenic microorganisms. After this, it is necessary to restore the intestinal flora in order to normalize the processes of food digestion and absorption useful elements from food. The final stages of therapy are agents that restore intestinal motility, medicinal components that will stimulate intestinal reactivity.

Most often, three types of medications are prescribed to restore intestinal microflora. These agents are prebiotics, probiotics, symbiotics. The main difference between probiotics and other medications is that they contain live bacteria that are capable of functioning in the intestines. In this case, probiotics are divided into monocomponent (Vitafor, Probifor, etc.) and multicomponent types (Bifiform, Linex, etc.)

Prebiotics (Lactusan, Duphalac) are characterized by helping the body produce its necessary bacteria. Symbiotics (Bifidubakterin multi, Hilak Forte) are considered complex means. They combine the qualities of probiotics and prebiotics, which allows them to effectively influence the body.

It is important to remember that there are degrees of dysbiosis at which the help of probiotics will be useless. It is not recommended to combine monocomponent types of probiotics with therapeutic measures when using antibacterial drugs. The use of such drugs has certain age restrictions.

Prebiotics, on the contrary, have positive qualities, for example they are used in combination with antibacterial therapy, children are allowed to take it. In addition to medicines, herbal medicine, diet therapy and preventive measures.

Many people are interested in how to restore intestinal microflora using folk remedies. There is no definite answer, since traditional medicine is aimed at getting rid of the unpleasant manifestations of pathology. Traditional medicine recipes are not able to completely influence the very cause of the disease. When using traditional medicine recipes, it is important to remember that restoring the intestinal microflora using folk remedies is permissible only after receiving recommendations from a doctor. Therefore, funds should be selected carefully, taking into account all individual characteristics, possible allergic reactions to the components.

Herbs

Among the herbs that restore microflora, the collection of lemon balm, St. John's wort, chamomile, and flax is widely known. Mix 2 tablespoons of herbs, then add a spoonful of the mixture to half a liter of boiling water. Daily norm is half a glass before each meal. This product has an analgesic effect and helps to accelerate the restoration of flora.

A decoction is prepared from burnet root to restore intestinal microflora and digestive functions. You should take 300 grams of crushed fodder, pour a glass of boiling water, and then simmer over low heat for no more than ten minutes. The course of therapy with this remedy is a month, take a spoonful every couple of hours.

It is believed that wild garlic and garlic have a mass useful properties. Many people recommend taking them as medicine. The easiest way is to eat a couple of cloves of garlic every day. You can prepare a remedy for dysbiosis. For example, for a liter of flax (olive) oil you will need to take 5 medium heads of garlic. Chop the garlic, mix with oil, leave to infuse for about three days, then take the medicine on an empty stomach every morning.

Product for children

Children, adults or elderly people are allowed to take this medicine. It is highly effective and has a pleasant taste. To do this, mix dried apricots, honey and prunes in approximately equal proportions. It is better to grind dried fruits to a puree state. You need to eat it in a spoon before your first meal in the morning or after your last meal at night.

Cabbage brine

Half a glass of cabbage brine before eating will help restore the intestinal microflora faster. It is important to remember that this remedy has contraindications, especially in the presence of pathologies of the stomach or intestines.

Oat porridge has an enveloping property, which prevents food particles from injuring the intestines. It is better to use porridge that requires cooking, as it has more beneficial properties. You are allowed to add honey or dried fruits.

Braga

Braga or mash is used to colonize the intestines beneficial bacteria. To prepare it, you will need to use a liter of water, stir 20 grams of honey and sugar in it, and then add half a spoonful of yeast. Let it brew for about an hour, then drink 2 glasses at once. It is advisable to take the first dose in the morning, so that the other 2 doses are taken in the afternoon and evening.

It will not be possible to treat dysbiosis without following a diet. Therefore, certain rules of eating and drinking should be taken into account. First of all, you should divide your food intake into 4-6 times per day. It is better to avoid heavy loads on the intestines during this period, so eating at night is prohibited. It is not recommended to wash down meals with water or drinks for half an hour. You need to drink at least 1.5-2 liters of water daily. For children, this norm is calculated separately.

You will need to give up at least temporarily:

Fried, salted, pickled, spicy, smoked;
Sweet, rich, spicy;
Fat meat;
Strong drinks, especially those containing alcohol;
Soda;
Confectionery, freeze-dried food.

Should be used:

Dairy, fermented milk products;
Porridge;
Soups with light broth;
Turmeric, coriander, onion, garlic, wild garlic;
Steamed lean meat;
Compotes, jelly;
Fruits, vegetables, fresh or cooked;
Cumin, dill, flaxseeds.

The diet will not only make it easier for the damaged intestines to work, but will also speed up the healing process and will be beneficial to the entire body. Therefore, you should not avoid it; after a while you can return to your usual way of eating.

To improve your health, it is recommended to follow all doctor’s instructions. You should not eat on the run and eat food that is considered harmful, at least reduce its consumption. Normalize your rhythm of life and the risk of intestinal problems will significantly decrease.

The term “Dysbacteriosis” comes from the Greek “dys”, which means “negation” and the words “bacteria”, “bacteria or microorganism”. Intestinal dysbiosis is a quantitative and qualitative violation normal intestinal flora. The human intestine is populated by bacteria, about 2/3 of the contents of the large and small intestines are represented by microorganisms. A certain quantity and quality of such microorganisms constitute the normal intestinal microflora. Normal intestinal flora is a biomass of obligate (obligatory) microbes involved in the development of immunity. With intestinal dysbacteriosis, there is a disruption in the development of immunity, the colonization of foreign microorganisms, and the development of putrefactive flora instead of the normal one. As a result, putrefactive flora causes chronic inflammation of the intestines, with characteristic clinical manifestations. An imbalance between microorganisms is the background for the development of various intestinal diseases (the most dangerous, intestinal cancer).

Anatomy and physiology of the intestine

In order to understand in which anatomical structures dysbiosis occurs, let’s talk a little about the anatomy of the intestine.

The intestine is the longest section of the digestive tract, located in the abdominal cavity, originating from the pylorus of the stomach and ending anus. The length of the entire intestine is about 4 meters. It is divided into small intestine and thick, each of which has its own anatomical features.

Small intestine, is the initial section of the intestine, consists of loops, longer than the thick one (from 2.2 to 4.4 m) and smaller in diameter (from 5 to 3 cm). The processes of digestion of proteins, fats and carbohydrates take place in it. The small intestine begins at the pylorus of the stomach and ends at the ileocecal angle. The small intestine is divided into 3 sections:

The initial section is the duodenum, starts from the pylorus of the stomach, has the shape of a horseshoe, goes around the pancreas;
The jejunum is a continuation of the duodenum, it makes up approximately the initial 6-7 loops of the small intestine, the border between them is not pronounced;
The ileum is a continuation of the jejunum and is represented by the following 7-8 loops. It ends at a right angle into the initial part of the large intestine (cecum).

Colon, is the final section of the digestive tract, where water is absorbed and formed feces are formed. It is located so that it borders (surrounds) the loops of the small intestine. Its wall forms protrusions (haustra), which is one of the differences from the wall small intestine. The length of the large intestine is about 150 cm and the diameter is from 8 to 4 cm, depending on the section. Consists of colon, from the following departments:

The cecum with the appendicular process is the initial section of the large intestine, located below the ileocecal angle, its length is from 3 to 8 cm;
Rising part colon, is a continuation of the cecum, occupies the extreme right lateral position of the abdominal cavity, rises upward from the level of the ilium to the level of the lower edge right lobe liver, and ends at the right flexure of the colon;
The transverse colon starts from the right flexure of the colon (level of the right hypochondrium), passes in the transverse direction and ends with the left flexure of the colon (level of the left hypochondrium);
The descending part of the colon occupies the extreme left lateral position of the abdominal cavity. Starts from the left flexure of the colon, goes down to the level of the left ilium;
The sigmoid colon, 55 cm long, is a continuation of the previous section of the intestine, and at the level of the 3rd sacral vertebra it passes into the next section (rectum). Diameter sigmoid colon, compared to the diameter of the rest of the large intestine, the smallest is about 4 cm;
The rectum, is the final section of the large intestine, has a length of about 18 cm. It starts from the level of the 3rd sacral vertebra (end of the sigmoid colon) and ends with the anus.

What is normal intestinal flora?

The human intestine contains microbes that are vital for human body. The approximate amount of normal intestinal flora is about 10 14 microbes, which corresponds to 2 kilograms and includes about 500 species of bacteria. The concentration of microbes in different parts of the intestine is not the same: in the duodenum and jejunum about 10 5 microorganisms in 1 ml of intestinal contents, in ileum about 10 7 - 10 8, in the large intestine there are about 10 11 microorganisms in 1 g of feces.
Normally, the intestinal flora is represented by 2 groups of bacteria:

Obligatory bacteria are bifidobacteria (comprising about 85-95% of the flora), lactobacilli (1-5% of the flora), coli(Escherichia), enterococci, peptostreptococci), are always part of the normal flora;
Facultative bacteria (peptococci, staphylococci, yeast-like fungi, clostridia and others), they are optional and non-permanent representatives. They enter the intestines with insufficiently thermally processed food. This group of bacteria is often present in healthy people without causing any problems, but when immunity decreases, they multiply and develop various infectious intestinal diseases.

Normal composition of bacteria in the intestines

bifidobacteria – 10 9 - 10 10 CFU/g;
lactobacilli – 10 7 – 10 8 CFU/g;
bacteroids – 10 7 – 10 9 CFU/g;
Escherichia – 10 6 – 10 8 CFU/g;
peptococci and peptostreptococci – 10 5 – 10 6 CFU/g;
eubacteria – 10 3 – 10 5 CFU/g;
staphylococci - 10 3 CFU/g;
streptococci – 10 4 – 10 5 CFU/g;
clostridia – 10 5 – 10 7 CFU/g;
yeast-like mushrooms – 10 9 – 10 10 CFU/g;
opportunistic enterobacteria - 10 3 CFU/g.

Functions of normal intestinal microflora

Protective function is to prevent the colonization of foreign microorganisms in the intestines, which can cause various infectious intestinal diseases. Microbes (bifidobacteria) of the normal intestinal flora produce special substances (lactic and acetic acid), which suppress the development of foreign microbes. In order for foreign bacteria to gain a foothold on the intestinal mucosa, they need to displace the normal flora, but the latter prevent this process, since the place is already “occupied”.
Immune stimulation, due to bifidobacteria, is to stimulate the formation of antibodies and other substances (cytokines, interferons) involved in the development of immunity.
Removal of toxins (detoxification function), consists in the absorption of various toxins (phenols, heavy metal compounds and others) by bifidobacteria of the intestinal flora.
Digestive function, bacteria of the intestinal flora are involved in the breakdown of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, into amino acids, fatty acids and monosaccharides. They also enhance intestinal motility, preventing the development of constipation.
synthesis function, Bacteria of normal intestinal flora are involved in the formation of vitamins (B, K, C), some acids, and enzymes.
Regulatory function those. flora bacteria regulate the gas composition of the intestines, water-salt metabolism, cholesterol and others.
Anticarcinogenic (anticancer) effect, consists in the absorption of precursors by bifidobacteria cancer cells.
Antiallergic effect, occurs with the help of lactobacilli.

Symptoms of intestinal dysbiosis

The 1st degree and most often the 2nd degree of intestinal dysbiosis do not manifest themselves clinically.
Symptoms characteristic of 3rd and 4th degree intestinal dysbiosis:

Abnormal stool:

Most often it manifests itself in the form loose stool(diarrhea), which develops as a result of increased formation of bile acids and increased intestinal motility, inhibit water absorption. Later, the stool becomes unpleasant, putrid odor, mixed with blood or mucus;
With age-related (in older people) dysbiosis, constipation most often develops, which is caused by a decrease in intestinal motility (due to a lack of normal flora).

Bloating, due to increased formation of gases in the large intestine. The accumulation of gases develops as a result of impaired absorption and excretion of gases by the altered intestinal wall. A swollen intestine may be accompanied by rumbling and cause unpleasant sensations in the abdominal cavity in the form of pain.
Cramping pain associated with an increase in pressure in the intestines, after the passage of gas or stool, it decreases. With dysbiosis of the small intestine, pain occurs around the navel; if the large intestine suffers, the pain is localized in the iliac region (lower abdomen on the right);
Dyspeptic disorders: nausea, vomiting, belching, loss of appetite are the result of impaired digestion;
Allergic reactions, in the form of itchy skin and rashes, develop after consuming foods that usually do not cause allergies, is the result of insufficient antiallergic action, disturbed intestinal flora.
Symptoms of intoxication: there may be a slight increase in temperature up to 38 0 C, headaches, general fatigue, sleep disturbance, are the result of the accumulation of metabolic products (metabolism) in the body;
Symptoms characterizing vitamin deficiency: dry skin, seizures around the mouth, pale skin, stomatitis, changes in hair and nails and others.

Complications and consequences of intestinal dysbiosis

Chronic enterocolitis, is a chronic inflammation of the small and large intestines that develops as a result long acting pathogenic intestinal flora.

Deficiency of vitamins and microelements in the body, leads to the development of iron deficiency anemia, hypovitaminosis of B vitamins and others. This group of complications develops as a result of impaired digestion and absorption in the intestines.
Sepsis(blood infection), develops as a result of pathogenic flora from the intestines entering the patient’s blood. Most often, this complication develops when the patient fails to seek treatment in a timely manner. medical care.
Peritonitis, develops as a result of the aggressive action of pathogenic flora on the intestinal wall, with the destruction of all its layers and the release of intestinal contents into abdominal cavity.
Addition of other diseases, as a result of decreased immunity.
Gastroduodenitis, pancreatitis, develop as a result of the spread of pathogenic intestinal flora, according to digestive tract.
Reducing the patient's weight, develops as a result of impaired digestion.

Diagnosis of intestinal dysbiosis

The diagnosis of intestinal dysbiosis is made based on the patient’s complaints, an objective examination and the results of microbiological examination of stool.

Using an objective examination, which includes palpation of the abdomen, pain is determined along the small and/or large intestine.
Microbiological examination of stool: carried out to confirm the diagnosis of intestinal dysbiosis.

Indications for microbiological examination of stool:

Intestinal disorders last a long time, in cases where it is not possible to isolate a pathogenic microorganism;
Long period of recovery after acute intestinal infections;
The presence of purulent-inflammatory foci that are not amenable to antibiotic therapy;
Impaired bowel function in individuals undergoing radiotherapy or exposure to radiation;
Immunodeficiency conditions (AIDS, oncological diseases and others);
Lag infant in physical development and others.

Rules for collecting stool for microbiological research: before collecting stool, 3 days before, it is necessary to be on a special diet, which excludes products that increase fermentation in the intestines (alcohol, lactic acid products), as well as any antibacterial drugs. The feces are collected in a special sterile container equipped with a lid and a screwed-in spoon. To correctly evaluate the results, it is recommended to conduct the study 2-3 times, with an interval of 1-2 days.

Degrees of intestinal dysbiosis
There are 4 degrees of intestinal dysbacteriosis:

1st degree: characterized by a quantitative change in ischerichia in the intestine, bifidoflora and lactoflora are not changed, most often not clinically manifested;
2nd degree: quantitative and qualitative changes in ischerichia, i.e. a decrease in the amount of bifid flora and an increase in opportunistic bacteria (fungi and others), accompanied by local inflammation of intestinal areas;
3rd degree: change (decrease) in bifido and lactoflora and development of opportunistic flora, accompanied by intestinal dysfunction;
4th degree: absence of bifid flora, a sharp decline lactoflora and the growth of opportunistic flora can lead to destructive changes in the intestine, with the subsequent development of sepsis.

Treatment of intestinal dysbiosis

Drug treatment

Treatment of intestinal dysbacteriosis is carried out with the help of drugs that restore normal intestinal flora and correct other disorders in the body (using enzymes, sorbents, vitamins). The dosage, duration of treatment and group of drugs are prescribed by the attending physician, depending on the degree of dysbacteriosis. Below are the dosages of drugs for adults; for children, the dosage depends on the weight and age of the child.
Groups of drugs used for intestinal dysbiosis:

Prebiotics- have a bifidogenic property, i.e. contribute to the stimulation and growth and reproduction of microbes that are part of the normal intestinal flora. Representatives of this group include: Hilak-forte, Duphalac. Hilak-forte is prescribed 40-60 drops 3 times a day.
Probiotics (eubiotics), these are preparations containing living microorganisms (i.e. bacteria of normal intestinal flora), they are used to treat grade 2-4 dysbiosis.

1st generation drugs: Bifidumbacterin, Lifepack probiotics. They are liquid concentrates of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria and are not stored for long (about 3 months). This group of drugs is unstable under the influence of gastric juice or enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract, which leads to their rapid destruction and the intake of insufficient concentrations, the main disadvantage of 1st generation probiotics. Bifidumbacterin is prescribed orally, 5 doses of the drug 2-3 times a day, 20 minutes before meals;
2nd generation drugs: Bactisubtil, Flonivin, Enterol. They contain spores of bacteria of normal intestinal flora, which in the patient’s intestines secrete enzymes for the digestion of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, stimulate the growth of bacteria of normal intestinal flora, and also suppress the growth of putrefactive flora. Subtil is prescribed 1 capsule 3 times a day, 1 hour before meals;
3rd generation drugs: Bifikol, Linex. They consist of several types of bacteria from the normal intestinal flora, and therefore are highly effective compared to the previous 2 generations of probiotics. Linex is prescribed 2 capsules 3 times a day;
4th generation drugs: Bifidumbacterin forte, Biosorb-Bifidum. This group of drugs consists of bacteria of normal intestinal flora in combination with an enterosorbent (with activated carbon or others). Enterosorbent is necessary to protect microorganisms when passing through the stomach, it actively protects them from inactivation by gastric juice or enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract. Bifidumbacterin forte is prescribed 5 doses 2-3 times a day, before meals.

Symbiotics(Bifidobac, Maltodophilus) , are combined preparations (prebiotic + probiotic), i.e. simultaneously stimulate the growth of normal flora and replace the missing number of microbes in the intestines. Bifidobac is prescribed 1 capsule 3 times a day, with meals.
Antibacterial drugs , are used for the 4th degree of intestinal dysbiosis, to destroy pathogenic flora. The most commonly used antibiotics are: tetracyclines (Doxycycline), cephalosporins (Cefuroxime, Ceftriaxone), penicillins (Ampiox), nitroimidazoles: Metronidazole, prescribed 500 mg 3 times a day, after meals.
Antifungal drugs(Levorin) , are prescribed if there are yeast-like fungi such as Candida in the stool. Levorin is prescribed 500 thousand units 2-4 times a day.
Enzymes, are prescribed in case of severe digestive disorders. Mezim tablets, 1 tablet 3 times a day, before meals.
Sorbents, are prescribed for severe signs of intoxication. Activated carbon 5-7 tablets are prescribed at a time, for 5 days.
Multivitamins: Duovit, 1 tablet 1 time per day.

Diet for intestinal dysbiosis

Diet therapy is important point in the correction of intestinal flora. In case of intestinal dysbiosis, it is first necessary to avoid the use of alcoholic drinks, spicy, fatty foods, smoked foods and foods that enhance fermentation processes in the intestines: sweets (cakes, candies, and others), homemade pickles, sauerkraut. Secondly, you need to eat fractionally, at least 4 times a day. Try not to drink water while eating, because it dilutes gastric juice and the food is not digested enough. Eliminate from the diet foods that increase flatulence (gas formation) and intestinal motility: legumes (beans, peas, soy and others), bran bread, carbonated drinks. It is necessary to increase the amount of protein in the diet through boiled or stewed meat (lean). Try not to eat fresh bread; dry it a little before eating.

Try to cook all food with herbs (parsley, dill and others), as it enhances the effect of normal intestinal flora against pathogenic ones. Products that enhance the restoration of intestinal microflora include: wheat, rice, buckwheat, oats, fresh vegetables or salads, fruits sour varieties. Indispensable products for restoring normal intestinal microflora are all lactic acid products: kefir, fermented baked milk, yogurt and others. You can also use special products that are enriched with biocultures: yoghurts, biokefirs and others. Applesauce has excellent prebiotic properties, and it also has an astringent effect and is recommended for diarrhea. Before going to bed, it is recommended to drink a glass of kefir.

Prevention of intestinal dysbiosis

In first place in the prevention of intestinal dysbiosis is correct application antibiotics, which are one of the main causes of disruption of the normal flora. Antibiotics should be used strictly according to indications, after the results of a bacteriological examination with an antibiogram. In order to select the dose of an antibiotic for a particular patient, the attending physician must take into account the age and weight of the patient. Under no circumstances should you self-medicate by taking antibiotics for minor illnesses (for example, a runny nose). In cases where you have been prescribed long-term antibiotic therapy, you must take them in parallel with prebiotics, with periodic monitoring of the state of the intestinal flora ( microbiological examination feces).
In second place for the prevention of intestinal dysbiosis is a balanced diet and a rational regimen.

In third place are all acute and chronic diseases that lead to intestinal dysbiosis, primarily diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. General strengthening therapy for patients with chronic diseases. Timely treatment Such diseases can reduce the number of patients with intestinal dysbiosis.

Persons who are exposed to occupational hazards (radiation) should include fermented milk products in their diet.

Is there any intestinal dysbiosis at all? Does such a disease exist?

Officially, such a diagnosis does not exist. Dysbacteriosis is not an independent disease, but always a consequence of some other diseases. The change in composition itself intestinal microflora- not the main problem. Usually, once the underlying disease is cured, dysbiosis goes away on its own. If the symptoms continue to bother you, the person is not fully treated. In such a situation, it is pointless to continue the fight against dysbiosis - you need to look for the root cause.
Western doctors never give this diagnosis to their patients. IN Russian healthcare Dysbacteriosis is mentioned in the document entitled “Standards (protocols) for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the digestive system,” approved by order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 125 dated April 17, 1998. But even here it does not appear as an independent disease, but only in connection with other intestinal diseases .
Surely, when you took a blood test, you heard terms such as “increased leukocytosis”, “increased ESR”, “anemia”. Dysbacteriosis is something similar. This is a microbiological concept, one of the manifestations of the disease, but not the disease itself.

How is intestinal dysbiosis designated in the ICD?

International classification diseases(ICD) - a document that lists all possible diseases person, each assigned its own code. In the ICD there is no such concept as dysbiosis. A doctor who makes such a diagnosis for a patient finds himself in a difficult situation - after all, he must indicate the code in the medical documentation.
Most often, such doctors use two codes: .
Sometimes dysbiosis is a temporary condition, for example, in travelers, especially if they have poor personal hygiene. “Foreign” microflora enters the intestines, which a person does not encounter at home.

Which doctor treats intestinal dysbiosis?

Since dysbiosis is not an independent disease, it is necessary to look for the original cause, and then begin treatment with an appropriate specialist.
Most often, diseases that lead to disruption of the intestinal microflora should be treated by an infectious disease specialist or gastroenterologist. A number of diseases are treated by a general practitioner in adults and by a pediatrician in children.

What is the best treatment for intestinal dysbiosis?

Since such a diagnosis does not exist, “treatment of dysbiosis” is a meaningless term, in principle.
Although, relevant recommendations still exist - they are specified in the OST 91500.11.0004-2003 standard. It was put into effect by Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated 06/09/2003 N 231. This document proposes to treat dysbacteriosis with the help prebiotics And eubiotics, antibacterial And antifungal drugs.
But the effectiveness of these drugs against dysbiosis has not been proven. In the same OST there is the following phrase: “the degree of persuasiveness of evidence is C.” This means that there is not enough evidence. There is no evidence on which to recommend treatment of dysbiosis with these drugs.
Here it is once again appropriate to remember that doctors who work in clinics outside the CIS never give such a diagnosis to their patients, much less prescribe treatment against dysbiosis.

Is there a connection between intestinal dysbiosis and thrush?

Thrush, or candidiasis- a disease that is caused yeast-like fungi sort of Candida.
The infection can develop in any organ. In this regard, candidiasis of the skin and nails, oral mucosa (this form is called thrush), intestines, and genitals is isolated. The most severe form of the disease is generalized candidiasis, or candidal sepsis when the fungus infects the skin, mucous membranes, internal organs.
Candida – fungi opportunistic. They are not always capable of causing infection, but only under certain conditions. One of these conditions is decreased immunity. Thrush may well be combined with intestinal damage, which leads to dysbiosis. There is, in fact, a connection between these two conditions.
In this case, the same reasons lead to the development of thrush and intestinal dysbiosis - decreased immunity and fungal infection. They need to be treated.

Is it possible to use folk remedies to treat intestinal dysbiosis?

Traditional medicine, if proven remedies are used correctly, can improve the condition and alleviate the symptoms of the disease. But it can only be used as a supplement to the main treatment prescribed by a doctor.
Due to the fact that the topic is inflated and very popular, “remedies against dysbacteriosis” offer all kinds of traditional healers, healers, manufacturers of dietary supplements, MLM companies. Food producers did not stand aside either.
As already mentioned above, dysbiosis as a disease does not exist; it does not have its own specific symptoms, and it cannot be cured without eliminating the root cause. Therefore, first of all, you need to visit a doctor, undergo an examination, establish the correct diagnosis and begin treatment.

What can a dysbacteriosis test show?

Most reputable doctors and scientists deeply doubt the informativeness of microbiological analysis of stool for dysbacteriosis. There are certain reasons for this:

The concept " normal microflora" - very blurry. Nobody knows the exact standards. Therefore, if you force anyone healthy person get tested, many will have dysbacteriosis “revealed.”
The content of bacteria in feces differs from their content in the intestines.
While the stool is delivered to the laboratory, the composition of the bacteria present in it may change. Especially if it is collected incorrectly, in a non-sterile container.
The composition of the microflora in the human intestine can change depending on different conditions. Even if we take the analysis in different time in the same healthy person, the results can vary greatly.

The intestinal microflora is a complex ecosystem that unites more than five hundred species of microorganisms.

Among them are bacteria vital for humans, opportunistic flora and microorganisms (both bacteria and more complex ones), which lead to intestinal dysfunction, and sometimes to much more serious problems.

In a healthy intestine, microorganisms are in symbiosis and productive interaction with each other. Changes in the favor of opportunistic flora or the appearance of microorganisms dangerous to human health destroy the established interaction and lead to the emergence negative symptoms, and often to the development of the most serious diseases.

The main cause of disturbances in intestinal microflora are human-controlled factors:

stress level;
daily regime;
regime and diet.

These processes can also be caused by medications, in particular antibiotics.

A change in the intestinal ecosystem in favor of pathogenic flora is called dysbiosis.

Intestinal microflora is normal

In a healthy intestine, the main representatives of microflora (more than 99 percent of all microorganisms) are:

bacteria;
bifidobacteria;
coli;
lactobacilli;
enterococci.

Approximately one percent of this is opportunistic microorganisms (i.e., the pathogenicity of which depends on their quantity in the human intestine):

Pseudomonas aeruginosa;
staphylococci;
clostridia;
Proteus and a number of others.

Pathogenic (i.e., dangerous to the functioning of the intestines and the entire body, even in small quantities) bacteria are completely absent in a healthy intestine.
The formation of a healthy intestinal microflora in humans begins in the prenatal period (in the third trimester of prenatal development) and ends at approximately 12-13 years of age (puberty).

Functions of intestinal microflora

The first and main function of the intestine is the digestive function in the broadest sense of the word. The intestines are the main part of the digestive system where nutrients are absorbed from consumed food. It is in the intestines, with the help of special bacteria and through the intestinal walls, that vitamin D (large intestine), calcium (large and small intestines), iron (large and small intestines), and many other vitamins and minerals are absorbed.

Thus, we are saying that the intestinal microflora is actively involved in metabolism. Lactobacilli produce a variety of enzymes, including the histaminase enzyme (desensitizing function), as well as special enzymes that break down milk proteins (without such enzymes, milk and dairy products are not digested by the body and can even cause serious dysfunction of the digestive system). In addition, the intestinal microflora is involved in cholesterol metabolism, synthesizes proteins, amino acids, and some vitamins.

Equally important is also protective function intestinal microflora. For example, organic acids that prevent the reproduction and development of pathogenic flora, including putrefactive bacteria, are produced by bifidobacteria - one of the most numerous groups of intestinal microorganisms beneficial to humans. In turn, lactobacilli have unique ability produce lactic acid, lysozyme, and other natural antibiotics that are harmful to pathogenic flora and inhibit opportunistic flora.

The intestinal microflora actively takes part in the implementation of the body's immune function. In this case, immunity is considered as a system that supports the formation of positive microflora, as well as a set of measures that prevent the emergence of pathogenic ones. In the intestine, this function is realized in several ways, in particular, by the formation of microbial turf, which mechanically prevents the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms, as well as through the formation of organic acids, which play an important role in the formation and maintenance of natural immunity.

Factors affecting intestinal microflora

Disruption of intestinal microflora can occur due to many reasons. These are both social and biological reasons related to lifestyle, diet and diet.

use of medications, especially antibiotics. This factor comes first. Many drugs cause intestinal dysbiosis with virtually no alternative. Restoring the microflora subsequently takes many weeks and even months.
social factors, primarily stress. High level stress in life modern man, starting from the very early age. Change social status(transition from home education to visitation preschool, transition from kindergarten to school, exams, job changes, as well as other social stresses).
poor nutrition or sudden changes in diet.
This factor can be combined with the previous one, since such changes are clearly considered by the human body as stressful (biological stress). A sharp change in diet can occur during a move (even temporary, for example, a vacation trip), as well as as part of a child’s transition from home education to preschool (with a corresponding change in diet from home-cooked food to catering products).
A deficiency of proteins in the diet and at the same time a large amount of carbohydrates almost inevitably leads to disturbances in the intestinal microflora. If problems with the intestines and, in particular, microflora disorders occur, you can adjust the diet in favor of fresh vegetables, wholemeal bread (gray), excluding high-carbohydrate and artificially produced products.
Unbalanced aggressive diets and fasting also lead to negative consequences.
diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as systemic diseases, requiring aggressive therapy - antibacterial, hormonal, sulfonamide, chemical. Also included in this factor are the consequences surgical interventions, which lead to deterioration of patency or decreased intestinal motility.
All these factors contribute to the destruction of healthy natural intestinal microflora in favor of pathological microorganisms.
physical inactivity. Lack of movement for any person has many consequences. negative consequences, which affect almost all systems and organs. Lack of physical movement leads to poor blood circulation (and a sedentary lifestyle leads to congestion in the pelvic area), and, as a consequence, to disturbances in the healthy functioning of the intestines.
environmental and others external factors. Poor ecology, oxygen deficiency and high levels in the atmosphere also lead to disruption of the intestinal microflora.
- Healthy breakfast
  Undoubtedly, you should start your morning not with artificially created products of dubious nutritional value, but with porridge. Buckwheat grain, cereals- An ideal base for morning porridge. And to make this dish tasty and attractive even for the most capricious family members, it is recommended to add a little chopped prunes.
- Healthy lunch
  - Including boiled beet salads in your lunch diet is an additional opportunity to support or restore intestinal microflora.
  - You can finish off lunch (or, if your work involves people, dinner) with a couple of cloves of garlic. They have an extremely negative effect on the condition and development of pathogenic flora, so they should be included in your diet. If you are worried about possible odor from the mouth, you don’t need to bite the garlic clove before swallowing.
  - The third meal of any meal is usually followed by tea or coffee. It should be remembered here that the abuse of any tonics (and tea and coffee are such) is not beneficial. But one glass, and with a slice of lemon, will help digestion and support beneficial microflora.
- Dessert
  - Prunes and dried apricots are ground in a blender or meat grinder until the mixture is as homogeneous as possible, and then mixed with honey. It is recommended to consume this dessert in small doses - about one tablespoon once a day. This mixture contains a lot of vitamins and healthy substances that promote the growth of the number of bacteria beneficial to humans and prevent the development of pathogenic flora.
  - Classic dried fruit compote, even without the addition of additional sugars, is very attractive to those with a sweet tooth, and is also extremely useful for those who suffer from impaired intestinal microflora.
- Any day and any time
  - First of all, we should mention, of course, fermented milk products. They can either start or end any meal. Moreover, fermented milk products can also be a meal - for example, during the day, when there is no time or desire for more substantial nutrition.
  - Kumis stands apart. This drink, although it belongs to fermented milk, can be recommended with some stretch, since there are contraindications. As a rule, this is individual intolerance.
  - A decoction of rose hips will help perfectly if you have problems with the intestinal microflora, strengthen the immune system, help cope with colds and even viral diseases much faster, it will restore lost fluid.
  - For the same purposes, for example, cranberries or any other sour berry are used. It can be eaten fresh (or frozen), and in the form of decoctions and compotes (however, it is advisable not to overuse heat treatment and not to bring berry-based drinks used to restore intestinal microflora to a boil). The main thing is to do this every day for at least two to three weeks.
  - A decoction of burnet roots. By pouring 200 grams of burnet root with a glass of water and keeping it on low heat for at least 15 minutes, you will get a drink that will help you strengthen both the intestinal microflora and the immune system in general. For a month, the resulting decoction is taken five times a day (or more often), one tablespoon at a time.
  - Infusion of plantain and calamus root. A mixture of two herbal ingredients Grind in a ratio of 1:1, use 2 teaspoons, which are poured with boiling water (about 250 g). Leave for half an hour, after which you have a healing infusion ready for the whole day, taken half an hour before each meal (at least 5 times a day) 50 mg. The minimum course of treatment is 10 days, the optimal course is about two weeks.
  - Strengthening agent based on crushed kernels walnut, pumpkin and sunflower seeds. Mix the ingredients in a ratio of 1:1:1 (pre-grind), pour chilled boiled water and consume immediately after preparation, at least twice a day, for 10-14 days. This remedy is used both to restore intestinal microflora and to recover from serious illness(including those accompanied by taking antibiotics).
  - Braga - folk remedy, used to restore microflora after a course of “heavy” antibiotics. However, this remedy should be used with some caution. Half a liter of warm boiled water adds 2 g of yeast, a tablespoon of sugar and a tablespoon of honey. Stir the resulting mixture (so that the honey and sugar dissolve) and leave in a warm, dark place for two to two and a half hours. The resulting mash is drunk over one day, in two doses (about one mug at each time). Moreover, it is recommended to drink mash without stopping, so as not to add to digestive system excess air. It is impossible to leave the mash for a long time, as well as to keep it in a dark place for more than three hours, because otherwise it will turn into an intoxicating drink, and not into a medicine at all. Braga is rich in fermentative microorganisms, which are beneficial for the functioning of the intestines.

Prevention of intestinal microflora disorders

Maintaining the balance of intestinal microflora is very important for human health. Healthy microflora stimulates normal work intestines, immune system, supplies organs and tissues useful substances obtained from food and drink.

Naturally, taking care of the intestinal microflora should be a habitual activity for any person, akin to brushing your teeth. And this concern begins with prevention.

An important stage and basis for the prevention of intestinal microflora disorders is the normalization of the daily routine and diet. A normalized and stable daily routine helps to increase immune protection body, improve it general state and mood (which, as you know, is very important). A normalized diet, in turn, as an element of the daily routine, helps maintain the rhythm of biological processes in the body. A properly formed diet, in addition to filling the body with all the substances necessary for life, also performs the function of maintaining the body’s immune system.

To prevent disorders of the intestinal microflora, the diet of a person of any age and gender should contain foods high in vegetable fiber– primarily fruits, vegetables and cereals. In addition, fermented milk products should be an important component of the diet. Moreover, we are not talking about dairy products with a long shelf life (as a rule, the amount of bifidobacteria and other components that are truly beneficial to health in them is extremely limited), but about those products that have short term suitability and have a natural potential for preserving and restoring intestinal microflora.

In addition, it is important to remember that a balanced diet should be a habit that extends to all days of your life, including holidays. Overeating, even “occasionally”, “on holidays”, is very harmful to health and it is worth determining for yourself whether it is really worth it.

And, of course, you should avoid stress if possible or, in any case, look for ways to resolve it both at the macro level (in communication with other people) and at the micro level (physical and psychological state the person himself).

Restoration of intestinal microflora

“Restoration work” for your intestines can easily be carried out at home and even in some cases through non-medicinal means. The main thing is not to limit the recovery process in time (this is a long work) and maintain presence of mind.

To do this, you need to master a number of useful and absolutely safe recipes. All of them, in addition to being very healthy, are also very tasty.

Whatever remedy you choose to restore intestinal microflora, you will have to work. It will take at least 10 days to restore the destroyed system. In addition, you should maintain a reasonable diet, excluding from the diet foods and dishes that are “heavy” for the already weakened body to digest.

But the fruitfulness of this work can be envied, because as a result you will get a healthy, normally functioning intestine, strengthen your immune system and improve your own well-being.