Diseases of the duodenum: symptoms, therapy, diagnostic methods. Symptoms of duodenal disease in women and men

Where the duodenum hurts wonders who suddenly got a stomach ache. Where is it located and what role does it play in the body?

Why is it needed, how and where does the duodenum hurt:

Let's look at a simple example:

You ate at lunch no matter what, just tight. The ingested food will stay in your stomach for about 6 to 8 hours.
In portions, it begins to accumulate in the upper part of the stomach. Then it is mixed, stacked in the form of layers.
We must not forget about moderation in eating. it is possible if you eat food hastily.
Then it passes in small portions into the small intestine, connected to the stomach. The small intestine starts at twelve duodenal ulcer.
But in it, with the help of juices produced by the pancreas, its enzymes, bile from the liver, the breakdown of food begins.
Carbohydrates, proteins, fats are actively processed.
All walls of the duodenum are covered with a large number of villi. All of them have their own blood vessels, capillaries.
In them, the absorption of well-digested substances occurs: such as glucose, amino acids, glycerol.
Digestion goes along the entire length of the small intestine.
Undigested food remains move into colon, on time within 12 hours. From here, most of the absorption of water occurs in the blood.
In length, it is twelve fingers (fingers). If something does not work in this area, all digestion is disturbed.

Departments of the duodenum:

Upper part (level of the first lumbar vertebra). In another way, it is called - an onion because of its round shape. Length five, six centimeters.
Descending part (goes down to the third lumbar vertebra).
Horizontal part (level of the third lumbar vertebra).
Ascending part (ascends to the second lumbar vertebra).

Bends between the sections of the intestine are visible:

Top bend.
Bottom bend.
The transition point of the duodenum into the jejunum.

Where is the duodenum located and how does it hurt:

The duodenum is located in the epigastric region, above the navel. Presses on the anterior abdominal wall.

To be precise, it surrounds the pancreas in the form of a "horseshoe".

Two ducts flow into the intestine from, as well as from the pancreas. This place is considered the main one, all digestive enzymes get here. Amylase, lipase, protease start the breakdown of food.

Based on this, there are five forms of the duodenum:

Forms of the duodenum:

Up to 60% - horseshoe shape.
Up to 20% - folded form.
Up to 11% - V - shaped.
Up to 3% - C - figurative.
Up to 6% - annular.

The structure of the wall of the duodenum:

The mucous membrane itself (absorption of fats, amino acids, glucose).
Submucosal base.
Muscular layer (motor-evacuation function).

Where does the duodenum hurt, causes of pain:

The duodenum is almost the first to pay for our nutritional disorders, poor water quality, our stress, the ever-driven state of the body.

There is a very large number of different nerve receptors. They need a normal blood supply, nutrition.

In case of failures, everyone suffers, and the duodenum too.

Intestinal diseases can provoke:

Diabetes.
Cholelithiasis.
Heredity.

Inflammatory process of the duodenum:

The so-called duodenitis.

Where does it hurt with this disease:

Or in the right side just below the ribs (dull pain).
Nausea.
Or in the epigastric region.
Stomach expands after eating
Vomit.
Refusal of food
weight loss.

Dangerous duodenitis development ( or inflammation of the gallbladder) or pancreatitis ( inflammation). It is not uncommon for an ulcer to develop.

All these organs are located nearby and communicate with each other. Usually they say that these organs get sick together.

The cause of inflammation of the intestine can be:

Any viral infection: (Helicobacter pylori) the most known to us.

When it is diagnosed, treatment is prescribed:

Antibiotics (only with a doctor's prescription, taking into account all tests). They are treated for two weeks to destroy the infection.
Proton pump inhibitors are given along with antibiotics to protect the lining of the intestines and stomach.
Antispasmodics: dratoverine, but - shpa, papaverine.
Anthracites to reduce pain and acidity in the intestines: Almagel, omeprazole.
Maalox is prescribed for violations of the intestines.
Physiotherapy: magnetotherapy, ultrasound, paraffin therapy, heating.

Foods that increase the production of stomach acid are removed from the diet.

Food is taken warm. Meals are frequent, in small portions.

Forbidden:

Fatty, fried foods, broths.
Sour fruits.
Spices (pepper, vinegar, salt, mustard).
Alcohol, nicotine.
Freshly squeezed fruit and vegetable juices.
Smoked, salted products.
Mushrooms.
Marinated products.
Carbonated sweet drinks.
Coffee Tea.
Vegetables, raw fruits.
Legumes.

Allowed:

Food is steamed or boiled.

Vegetable fats (olive, sunflower oil).
Mucous, boiled soups.
Meat, boiled low-fat varieties (chicken, turkey).
The fish is boiled.

bowel cancer:

It is not a rare disease in our time.

Early symptoms:

The pain is felt immediately on the right side, just under the ribs, with spread to other organs.

You have constipation, you are forced to take laxatives.
Blood during bowel movements in the stool. Do not hesitate, look into the toilet - this is the work of your body.
Blood should be, if it is present, red (black, cherry color is not excluded).
Constant urge to defecate. You went to the toilet, but you need to go there again, even though there is no chair.
There is a narrowing of the anus.
Gases begin to form, the stomach swells.
Jaundice, fever.
Itching of the skin (high bilirubin in the blood, skin receptors are irritated). Constant itching leads to insomnia, irritation.

If these symptoms appear and disturb you, do not postpone the examination. It saves lives.

Treatment begins with surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy. The size and method of surgical intervention depends on the stage of the disease (organ damage) of the sick person.

Duodenal ulcer where it hurts:

It usually develops in the region of the duodenal bulb.

There is a clear disorder in digestion.
Frequent pain, liquid stool.
There is an absolute intolerance to dairy products.
Plaque on the tongue of yellow color (spasm of the biliary tract).
The right side hurts, the pain is sharp to the exhausting aching character. It happens with attacks or vice versa for a long time.
Gives to the lower back or thoracic spine. In some patients, pain is felt in the region of the collarbone.
Salvation from pain - eating. Such pains are called "hungry".
Yellowish skin.
Scars appear on sore spots of the mucous membranes.
Nausea, vomiting appears.

The treatment is very serious, long. Appointed after complete examination for life.

In order to destroy Helicobacter pylori, antibiotics (erythromycin, metranidazole) are taken.
To reduce the formation of hydrochloric acid - omeprazole.
The appointment of anthracites reduces pain.

Where does the duodenum hurt, diagnosis:

A gastroscopy is prescribed - an endoscope with a small television camera at the end. Enter through the mouth into the stomach, then into the duodenum.
An endoscope is used to examine the intestinal mucosa, find diseased areas, take a small piece for analysis (biopsy).
Determine the cause of the disease for adequate treatment.

Of great importance in the treatment and recovery of the patient is dietary nutrition. A significant reduction in cases of exacerbations of the disease, improving the well-being of the sick.

Get diagnosed in time to detect Helicobacter pylori and get treated. You can without treatment.

Observe the regime of the day, rest in moderation. Try not to eat harmful products your body will thank you.

And I wish health to you and your family!

Look to me more often.

Watch the video, all about the duodenum:

Ulcerative lesions account for about 30% of all diseases digestive system. Also, according to statistics, up to 10% of the adult population of the planet are familiar with stomach and duodenal ulcers firsthand. The factors leading to the development of this pathology are very diverse. How is the duodenum arranged and what functions does it perform? What diseases can occur in this part of the intestine? How to treat peptic ulcer 12 duodenal ulcer? The answers to these and other questions are presented in this publication.

The structure of the duodenum

This part of the gastrointestinal tract C-shape has a length of 30 centimeters. On the one hand, it is connected to the sphincter at the outlet of the stomach, on the other hand, it passes into the small intestine. In the middle of the duodenum, on the left side, there is a hole through which pancreatic enzymes enter it. The walls of the organ consist of four layers of tissue.

The innermost layer consists of a simple columnar epithelium with microscopic villi on the surface, contributing to an increase in area and improved absorption. nutrients. Multiple glands secrete mucus to lubricate the wall and protect it from the acidic environment of the chyme. Under the mucous membrane is a layer of connective tissue that supports the remaining layers. Passes through the submucosal layer blood vessels, while protein fibers give strength and elasticity to the duodenum. Next is a smooth muscle, due to the contractions of which the chyme moves into the small intestine. And finally, the serous membrane is the outer layer of this part of the intestine, it is formed by a simple squamous epithelium, which makes the outer surface of the duodenum 12 smooth and even. This layer helps prevent friction with other organs. Next, we will touch on issues such as the functions that the duodenum performs, symptoms, and treatment of peptic ulcer.

Functions of the duodenum

The duodenum is the first and shortest segment of the intestine. Partially digested food comes here from the stomach in the form of a slurry called chyme, here an important stage of chemical processing of food and preparation for further digestion in the small intestine takes place. Many enzymes and substances secreted from the pancreas, liver and gallbladder, such as lipase, trypsin, amylase, are mixed with the secretions of the duodenum 12, which facilitates the digestion of food.

The duodenum is largely responsible for the breakdown of food in the small intestine. In its walls are glands that secrete mucus. The duodenum is almost completely located in the retroperitoneal space. This part of the digestive system regulates the rate of bowel movement. Its cells secrete cholecystokinin in response to acidic and fatty irritants that come from the stomach along with chyme.

The duodenum is constantly contracting, and each of its movements helps to push food towards the small intestine.

The most common diseases of the duodenum:

Duodenitis is an acute or chronic disease of this part of the digestive system, which is accompanied by inflammation of the intestinal mucosa.
Peptic ulcer is a chronic ailment in which ulcers form in the mucous membrane, often a consequence of chronic duodenitis.
Cancer of the duodenum. It is a fairly rare malignant tumor of this part of the intestine. From oncological diseases you can also call sarcoma and carcinoid, they are localized in different layers of the intestinal wall.

The same article discusses in detail such a pathology as duodenal ulcer.

Causes of peptic ulcer

So, the duodenum is a part of the digestive system that connects the stomach and small intestine. She is also subject to various pathologies occurring during a person's life. Duodenal ulcer is three times more common than gastric ulcer. In this case, the main cause of the pathology is precisely the acid of the gastric juice. But it causes inflammation of the duodenum only if the superficial membranes of the organ are not able to perform their protective function.

Influence of drugs

One of the reasons why peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum can develop is the use of anti-inflammatory drugs. Medicines such as Aspirin, Ibuprofen and Diclofenac, as well as many others that are used to treat arthritis, eliminate muscle pain, reduce the protective barrier of the intestinal mucosa. One of the rare causes is also Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, in which too much acid is produced in the stomach, which causes inflammation of the duodenum, which is simply not able to cope with such volume.

Acid

The stomach usually produces enough acid to digest food and eliminate disease-causing bacteria. This acid is capable of corroding tissues, so the mucous membrane of both the stomach and intestines produces a layer of a substance that performs a protective function. At healthy person there is always a balance between the amount of acid and mucus. An ulcer can develop when changes occur in this balance that allow acid to damage the mucosa. In this case, both organs can suffer - the stomach and duodenum. The duodenal bulb or its initial part is often involved in the development of an ulcer.

The role of bacteria

Ulcers can also be caused by a bacterial infection called Helicobacter pylori. These microorganisms attack the duodenal mucosa, which, in turn, opens the way for the corrosive action of the acid, the development of inflammation. Helicobacter pylori infection (commonly simply referred to as H. pylori) is the cause of about 19 out of 20 cases of duodenal ulcer. Once a bacterium enters the body, it stays there for life. The only question is whether there will be favorable signs for the pathogenic activity of the microorganism.

Ulcer symptoms

So, if we talk about what diseases of the stomach and duodenum are most common, then this is usually an ulcer. Let's name its symptoms:

Pain in the upper abdomen, just below the sternum, which comes and goes, is paroxysmal in nature. Such a symptom may suddenly appear when you are hungry, or, conversely, after eating. Pain can cause nighttime awakening, most often it subsides after taking antispasmodic drugs.
Bloating, urge to defecate, and nausea are especially aggravated after eating.

Many people experience these seemingly non-serious symptoms throughout their lives. Some write them off on an empty stomach, others on overeating. Most are limited to taking painkillers or any generic drugs that help with various problems with the gastrointestinal tract. However, this only temporarily numbs the symptoms, while the ulcer progresses more and more. If the treatment of the stomach and duodenum is not carried out, then this is fraught with unpleasant consequences.

Complications

They occur less often, but they are painful and can be serious:

ulcer bleeding ranges from a thin trickle to life-threatening bleeding;
perforation, or perforation of the wall of the duodenum, with this complication, food and acids enter the abdominal cavity, which causes severe pain and the need for emergency medical care.

Therefore, you need to know: if the duodenum is worried, the symptoms of the disease, even if they are quite insignificant, should by no means be ignored!

Diagnosis of the disease

Endoscopy is a procedure that can confirm the presence of a duodenal ulcer. A doctor or nurse, using a thin flexible telescope lowered into the esophagus and further into the stomach, views the state of the digestive system. This procedure usually identifies any inflammation and ulcers, if any, immediately. An H. pylori test is usually done if you suspect you have a duodenal ulcer. If the microorganism is detected, then the diagnosis of "ulcer" can be considered confirmed. This microorganism can be detected in a fecal sample as the bacteria enters the rectum as a result of bowel movements. You may also need to do a blood test and a breath test. A biopsy, which involves taking a small piece of intestinal tissue, is often performed right during endoscopy.

Treatment Methods

Acid suppressants are usually prescribed for a course of four or eight weeks. The treatment significantly reduces the amount of acid in the digestive tract and brings long-awaited relief.

The most commonly used drugs are inhibitors proton pump. This group includes drugs that reduce the production of hydrochloric acid by the gastric glands as a result of blocking the proton pump that carries hydrogen and potassium ions in the cells of the gastric mucosa. These medicines are classified as antisecretory agents. Actively working on the cells lining the stomach, they help reduce acidity. These are Esomeprazole, Lansoprazole, Omeprazole, Pantoprazole and Rabeprazole. Medicines of this group are necessarily indicated if the duodenal bulb is affected by an ulcer.
Sometimes another class of drugs called H2 blockers is used. They also reduce the production of hydrochloric acid. The following drugs can be attributed to this group of medicines: Cimetidine, Famotidine, Nizatidine and Ranitidine.
If the ulcer was caused by the bacteria Helicobacter pylori, then the main direction of treatment is to eliminate the infection. If this is not done, then as soon as you stop taking drugs that suppress the production of acid, the treatment of the duodenum will come to naught, and the ulcer will play out with renewed vigor. In this case, antibiotics are needed. Often appointed combined scheme reception antibacterial agents, for example, the drug "Metronidazole" in combination with the drug "Amoxicillin". The doctor may prescribe other antibiotics. They are taken together with the two groups of drugs described above for one to two weeks, this is the so-called triple therapy. The success of treatment is observed in 9 cases out of 10. If the microorganism Helicobacter pylori is defeated, then the likelihood of recurrence of the ulcer becomes minimal. However, in a small number of people, symptoms may return later. In such cases, a second course of treatment is prescribed.

Evaluation of treatment outcomes

After the therapeutic course is completed, it is recommended to take tests to confirm the complete cure of the ulcer. A control examination is carried out approximately one month after the end of the medication. If the test results again show the presence of pathogenic bacteria, then the attending physician prescribes a second course of treatment, choosing other antibiotics.

In cases where the ulcer is caused by long-term use of anti-inflammatory drugs, it is necessary to stop it. This will allow her to heal faster. However, in many cases, anti-inflammatory drugs are simply necessary, for example, to relieve symptoms of arthritis or prevent blood clots and thrombosis. In such a situation, the attending physician prescribes a long course of taking medications that suppress acid formation, which must be taken daily.

Surgery

In the past, surgery was often seen as a necessary treatment for duodenal ulcers. But then the influence of the microorganism Helicobacter pylori was not fully studied, and drugs to reduce acid formation in the stomach were not as accessible as they are today. Currently, surgery is needed if complications of duodenal ulcer develop, such as severe bleeding and perforation.

home remedies

Many traditional medicine recipes help to quickly get rid of duodenal ulcers. In this case, the simplest and most affordable means and plants are often used.

Recipe number 1. Prepare a mixture of two teaspoons of slippery elm bark powder and dissolve it in 300 g of chilled chamomile decoction. Such a remedy is recommended to be taken daily at 100 g throughout the year. The compounds included in its composition form a protective sheath on the intestinal mucosa, which helps to protect the site of the lesion and the entire inner surface intestines from the aggressive effects of acid and pathogenic bacteria.

Recipe number 2. Make a mixture using equal parts of dried herb agrimony, chamomile, dandelion, gentian, and willow flowers (the last component can be found in a pharmacy). Make an infusion by pouring a tablespoon of the mixture with a liter hot water and left for 3-4 hours. Drink a cup of the medicine you received daily.

Recipe number 3. Ordinary chamomile tea helps to minimize the manifestations of peptic ulcer. You can buy plant filter bags at the pharmacy, they are very convenient to use. Chamomile has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties.

Recipe number 4. A mixture of sea buckthorn oil and propolis, helps to quickly tighten the ulcers formed in the intestine. Combine the components and for 40-60 minutes, stirring, heat in a water bath. You can do this in the microwave at medium power. Take the cooled mixture in a teaspoon during the day, half an hour before meals.

Recipe number 5. A good effect is the use of flax seeds. You can buy them at a pharmacy. Brew them like tea, just leave for 25 minutes. Strain the infusion and drink 200 g 3 times a day. Such a tool has an enveloping effect on the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines.

Recipe number 6. Three times a day, drink two tablespoons of dried marshwort infusion, prepared from 20 g of grass and 200 g of boiling water. Add honey to the medicine received beforehand and take it before meals.

Recipe number 7. Good healing effect renders a classic mixture of herbs - chamomile officinalis, calendula and yarrow. 30 g of this composition, pour 300 g of hot water and insist overnight. During the day, take this bowel-healing remedy at 100 g one hour before meals.

Ulcer treatment involves giving up bad habits, including drinking and smoking. Ethyl alcohol and nicotine, when ingested, only accelerate the development and progression of the disease.

Avoid stress, they have a direct impact on health, in particular, on immunity. And this negatively affects the state of internal organs, including the digestive system, and reduces the body's defenses.

Reduce your intake of fatty and fried foods, acidic foods, and chocolate and coffee. Maintains the health of an organ such as the duodenum, a diet high in fiber. Therefore, beneficial to the intestines are oat bran, lentils, flaxseed, carrots, soy milk, peas.

If an attack of peptic ulcer took you by surprise, lie on your right side, bend your knees and press them to your chest. Take a pain reliever and call a doctor or an ambulance. Remember that the correct diet, the use of vegetables, cereals, soups, the exclusion of dry snacks or overeating, healthy lifestyle of life help prevent the development of chronic diseases of the digestive system.

The duodenum performs the necessary functions to maintain the vital activity of the body, in particular, it ensures the absorption of organic elements.

Symptoms of intestinal inflammation always include acute pain, so treatment is primarily aimed at stopping the attack.

On the initial stages, as a rule, the symptoms are not very pronounced, so the diagnosis requires laboratory tests.

The structure of the duodenum

The human intestine can be conditionally divided into thick and thin sections. The small intestine includes the duodenum, the main functions of which are to absorb important trace elements and transport food to the large intestine.

The duodenum in humans is the initial part of the intestinal tube, extending directly from the stomach, with which it is separated by a sphincter.

The structure of the duodenum is the smallest part of the small intestine: the length of the intestine is about 0.3 m, while the total length of the small intestine is about 6 m in an adult.

It got its name because of the length, which approximately corresponds to 12 fingers (fingers).

The duodenum is located retroperitoneally, that is, it is located in the retroperitoneal space.

Despite the relatively modest size, from an anatomical point of view, the structure of the intestine has four parts:

upper (on the border of the last thoracic and first lumbar vertebrae);
descending (to the right of the first three lumbar vertebrae);
horizontal (at the level of the third lumbar vertebra);
ascending (rises to the second lumbar vertebra).

The wall of the duodenum has a typical structure for any part of the small intestine, its inner layer is a mucous membrane with circular folds, villi, crypts.

On the descending part there is a large papilla of the duodenum 12, at the top of which the common bile duct opens, as well as the excretory duct of the pancreas.

It should be noted that the last duct can open with an accessory papilla, which is located just below the large one.

The second layer of the wall of the duodenum is the submucosa, which is a loose connective tissue. It contains large vascular and nerve plexuses.

The third layer is muscle tissue, which regulates muscle tone and promotes contraction of the human intestine.

The fourth layer is the serous membrane, which performs protective functions against external stimuli.

Above the duodenum there is a liver with a gallbladder adjacent to it, on the right there is contact with right kidney in the region of its gate, as well as with the right ureter, pancreas, ascending colon and common bile duct.

The horizontal part is in contact with the transverse colon, as well as with the sections of the small intestine and mesenteric vessels.

On the left are loops of the jejunum, which also belongs to the small intestine.

Despite its small size, it is safe to call the duodenum 12 the most important and most useful part of the small intestine, because without it the digestion process is impossible.

In the walls of the duodenum, the necessary processing of secretion products takes place due to the successful buffer location at the junction of such irreplaceable organs of the digestive system as the stomach, pancreas, gallbladder with bile ducts, liver and right kidney.

In addition, the duodenum produces its own enzymatic formations, due to which there is a better assimilation of all the elements necessary for life.

Such enzymatic formations of the intestine include histamine, serotonin, cholecystokinin, and some others. Without them, all secretion products, for example, of the pancreas, are practically useless.

It is impossible not to note the important function of absorption of organic elements due to excellent vascularization, that is, the work of blood vessels in the pancreatic wall, as well as the function of moving food masses to other parts of the intestine to continue the digestion process, which is possible due to the developed muscle layer.

Inflammation of the duodenum

The sensitive walls of the duodenum, as well as a practically neutral acid-base environment, create the most favorable conditions for the development of pathogens, this often leads to the fact that the duodenum becomes inflamed, and the work of its most important functions is disrupted.

Inflammation of the duodenum is also called duodenitis, which can occur in both acute and chronic forms.

According to statistics, males of young and mature age, up to 40 years, are most susceptible to duodenitis.

The causes of duodenitis are infectious agents (Helicobacter pylori is the main one), improper diet and daily routine, in which night sleep hygiene is not observed, exhaustion of the nervous system caused by various stress reactions, bad habits, in particular abuse alcoholic drinks and regular smoking, as well as ill-chosen diets.

Such diets include those in which there is a long break between meals of a person.

We should not forget about the genetic predisposition to duodenitis (inflammation of the duodenum 12).

The symptoms of duodenitis are identical to those of peptic ulcer. For this reason, an accurate diagnosis in a person is possible only after endoscopic and radiological examinations.

Symptoms of duodenitis are always acute. The patient feels a sharp pain in the pyloroduodenal region, which is also called the epigastric region.

Pain, which is typical for duodenitis and ulcers, increases in the case of a long break between meals (the so-called hungry pain).

Symptoms of inflammation of the duodenum or duodenitis, in particular acute pain, occur due to the fact that gastric juice continues to be secreted, despite the absence of food.

Its small amount overcomes the protective sphincters and enters directly into the duodenum, the mucous membrane of which begins to break down under the influence of an acidic environment.

It should be noted that the use of certain drugs has a similar effect as side effects (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hormones, etc.).

The most important symptoms of duodenitis include not only acute pain, but also vomiting, after which temporary relief occurs, heartburn due to gastric juice entering the esophagus, and belching, in which sour taste, indicating a violation of the acid-base balance and the prevalence of an acidic environment in the stomach and intestines.

The patient is characterized by the fact that with the onset of the disease, he often begins to eat food, because with an empty stomach, the pain intensifies.

Sleep disturbance is also noted, the patient is forced to wake up, because he feels acute pain caused by the predominance of given period time of the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system over the sympathetic nervous system, in connection with which the production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach increases.

Treatment of duodenitis

The intestine is one of the most important organs in human body. Violation of any of its functions makes it impossible to digest digested in the stomach organic matter, as well as the normal transportation of various toxins and waste products from the body.

Since the symptoms of inflammation of the duodenum (duodenitis) are always pronounced, treatment should be aimed at eliminating the sharp pain during an attack.

When the attack is stopped, the course of treatment will consist of several stages. First of all, it is imperative to eliminate all bad habits.

Even a small dose of alcohol or those substances that are inhaled when smoking increases the production of gastric juice.

It must be remembered that duodenitis is a serious incurable disease, however, symptoms can be stopped for a long time if the patient follows all the doctor's instructions.

Complications of duodenitis are very serious in terms of possible consequences, which include a duodenal ulcer, internal bleeding, up to the development of malignant oncological diseases.

It is important not to forget that only a correct, healthy lifestyle can keep the disease within limits. This lifestyle includes reducing stress, normalizing nighttime sleep, moderate exercise, taking medications only as directed by your doctor, and a healthy balanced diet.

The pain will practically not bother the patient if he refuses fatty, spicy, salty and too sweet food, and the basis of the diet will be lean meat and fish, various cereals, vegetables and fruits.

If an attack of duodenitis occurs, and the patient feels acute pain, then it is possible to use drugs that relieve muscle spasm(for example, Spasmalgon), as well as those that lower the acidity in gastric juice (Gastala).

Proton pump inhibitors (Omeprazole, Omez, Ultop, etc.) block the increased production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, which reduces unpleasant symptoms.

Often, patients are prescribed antibiotics, such as Clarithromycin, Metronidazole, macrolides, and others.

Patients are most often characterized by such a violation of the diet, when during periods of exacerbation of inflammation of the duodenum 12 (duodenitis), they eat food for the last time just before bedtime, which is a serious burden for the body and is contrary to the rules of healthy eating.

To eliminate the unpleasant symptoms of duodenitis (inflammation of the duodenum), you can use folk remedies.

The methods of dealing with heartburn, a constant companion of duodenitis, include the use of a solution of ordinary baking soda, which, having an alkaline environment, helps to reduce acidity.

According to its purpose, it performs many functions. It is the initial section of the small intestine, but is anatomically connected with the stomach, liver and pancreas through the ducts entering the sphincter of Oddi. Therefore, diseases of the duodenum have their "roots" in the disruption of the functioning of different parts of the digestive tract.

What reasons necessitate the allocation of duodenal pathology?

Statistics note the "rejuvenation" of patients with diseases of the duodenal zone, an increase in the prevalence among schoolchildren. The relevance of studying the structure and pathophysiology of the organ is associated with the need to determine the method of intestinal damage and the choice of optimal treatment methods.

Favorable results of therapy at the level of the duodenum help to prevent dysfunction and problems of the organs concerned. There is no separate classification of the pathology of this particular intestine. In the ICD, diseases of the duodenum are included in the same class as diseases of the esophagus and stomach.

Clinicians divide them according to the etiological principle:

on dyskinesia (functional disorders);
inflammation (duodenitis);
peptic ulcer;
malignant tumors;
structural anomalies.

Developmental anomalies include: congenital stenosis, diverticulum (protrusion) of the wall. Occur rarely, accompany other malformations of the digestive system.

Brief anatomy and function

The history of medicine says that the name of the duodenum comes from its length, which is equal to the width of 12 fingers. Immediately, we note that the fingers must have been very thick, since it has a length of 30 cm. It is delimited from the stomach by the pyloric sphincter. According to the location, taking into account the bends, 4 departments are distinguished.

The sphincter of Oddi forms the internal papilla in the descending zone. The ducts of the gallbladder and pancreas come together here. The inner mucosa is covered with villi, between the epithelial cells are goblet cells that produce mucus. The muscle layer provides motility and tone.

The main tasks of the body:

neutralization of gastric juice by the incoming contents of the pancreas and chemical treatment of the food bolus;
further grinding of food particles, creating conditions for a more complete access of intestinal bacteria in the underlying sections of the intestine;
regulation with the help of feedback from the centers of the brain of the amount of necessary production and intake of pancreatic enzymes;
coordination with the stomach of the "order" for the synthesis of juice.

Violation of these functions leads to the manifestation of clinical symptoms in diseases of the duodenum.

Helicobacter is able to pass into the intestine from the pyloric part of the stomach with antral gastritis, peptic ulcer

Reasons for the defeat

The causes of diseases of the duodenum practically do not differ from the common damaging factors of the digestive system:

A person with 2 or more causes is more likely to have a duodenal ulcer. We will consider the main signs of pathology using examples of individual diseases.

Major diseases

Dyskinesia

Breakdowns in the disease lead to the disease nervous activity, stress overload. Damage to the innervation is possible during operations on the stomach. In another way it is called - "duodenostasis".

The essence of the violations: the contents are retained in the intestine, do not enter other departments. The patient develops: dull arching pains in the epigastrium, in the hypochondrium on the right, nausea and loss of appetite, prolonged constipation.

Duodenitis

Inflammation of the duodenum (duodenitis) occurs in acute or chronic form. Acute - occurs in three days if a person takes some strong medications, herbal tinctures, accompanies infectious gastroenteritis. Chronic - almost never isolated. Accompanies cholecystitis, pancreatitis.

Manifested: pain in the abdomen without precise localization of the aching nature, without irradiation. Patients feel worse on an empty stomach, early in the morning. After eating, after 40 minutes, improvement occurs. Constipation is characteristic. A long process is accompanied by blockage and spasm of the sphincter of Oddi, cramping pains, and vomiting. With duodenitis, pain in the epigastrium, around the navel, is possible.

Bulbit

The disease is a type of duodenitis. Inflammation is localized in the uppermost part of the duodenum - the bulb, so more often "continues" gastritis. According to the form, they are distinguished: catarrhal and erosive, along the course - acute and chronic. In the catarrhal variant - aching pains, rarely cramping. Appear on an empty stomach or at night. Accompanied by heartburn, sour belching, bad breath, bitterness, nausea.

Erosive - characterized by prolonged exhausting dull pain in the epigastrium, which appeared a few hours after eating. There is vomiting with bile, belching bitterness.

Patients complain about general weakness, insomnia, salivation, headaches.

Morphological studies show the presence of cracks and macerations against the background of hyperemic inflamed mucosa. It is important that they are only in the surface layer, do not penetrate the muscle wall. For a chronic course, periods of exacerbations are typical in spring and autumn, the rest of the time there is a lull (remission).

Ulcer

Peptic ulcer of the duodenum is observed as a complication and the next stage of duodenitis, erosive bulbitis. The prevalence is higher in women than in men.

In a morphological study, it differs from erosion by deeper penetration, damage to the muscle layer, blood vessels

At severe course can cause bleeding, perforation of the wall (perforation), penetration into an adjacent organ. It is localized most often in the bulb. Perhaps the formation of two ulcers lying on opposite walls ("kissing" in the terminology of radiologists).

on itching of the skin, the appearance of acne;
constipation or diarrhea;
dryness and pigmentation of the skin;
bloating and rumbling of the abdomen;
pain in the joints and muscles;
propensity to allergic reactions;
weight loss;
restless sleep with frequent awakenings;
an increase in colds due to a decrease in immunity.

Helminths feed on the contents of the intestine, some penetrate through the wall into the blood

Neoplasms

Malignant and benign neoplasms in the duodenum are a rare find. Of the benign ones, the growth of adenomas, fibroadenomas, papillomas, lipomas, hemangiomas, neurofibromas matters. There are tumors of the duodenal papilla. By appearance may resemble pedunculated polyps. Identify single or multiple.

They are asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally. If reach large sizes, cause symptoms of mechanical obstruction of the intestine, obstructive jaundice (compression of the biliary tract).

Duodenal cancer accounts for only 0.25-0.3% of all localizations of malignant tumors of the digestive system. Most cases occur in the descending region above duodenal papilla and around it, least of all - an onion.

More often, older men get sick. Possibility of transformation from an ulcer and benign tumor. A cancerous neoplasm belongs to a late metastasizing species. Sprouts nearby lymph nodes, pancreas, liver. Other metastases are rare.

Clinical signs:

excruciating pain;
loss of appetite and exhaustion;
signs of mechanical obstruction (severe vomiting, dehydration);
the breakdown causes heavy bleeding;
yellowness of the skin and sclera.

Intestinal obstruction

Symptoms of diseases of the duodenum can be manifested by obstruction in this area of the small intestine. She is called:

congenital developmental anomalies;
atypical turn;
inverted form;
increased mobility;
blockage by a tumor of the duodenum or squeezing by a neoplasm of the pancreas;
stone migration.

Hernia

A hernia is a characteristic protrusion of the intestinal wall. It is more often found in people after 50 years of age who lead a sedentary lifestyle. Formed as a result of loss of tone of the muscle layer. The disease can be suspected if the patient has gastroesophageal reflux reflux. Patients complain of heartburn, especially at night, belching, flatulence.

The main types of diagnostics

In the diagnosis of diseases of the duodenum, the following are used: a blood test - allows you to judge the intensity of inflammation, identify anemia, the reaction of feces to occult blood, examination of feces for eggs of worms, methods for detecting Helicobacter pylori.

In the presence of yellowness of the skin, it is necessary to examine the blood for viral hepatitis, liver tests, enzymes. Fibrogastroduodenoscopy is also necessary - the main method of visual examination of the mucosa, identifying forms of inflammation, erosion, ulcers, tumors.

A morphological study of a tissue site taken during a biopsy is carried out, it helps to distinguish between the growth of a malignant and benign neoplasm, as well as ultrasound.

X-ray method continues to be used in the clinic. An examination with a series of images is carried out after the patient has ingested barium salt. On the recommendation of specialists, relaxation duodenography with a probe is used to improve the view of the upper intestine.

Directions for the treatment of diseases of the duodenum

It is necessary to treat diseases of the upper sections of the small intestine in combination with other digestive organs. Strict adherence to the patient's diet is considered mandatory.

In the acute phase of bulbitis, ulcers are prescribed fasting for 1-2 days. The maximum sparing of the organ is further ensured by the exclusion from the diet of fried, salty, smoked, spicy and fatty foods; alcohol and carbonated drinks; strong coffee and tea.

The daily diet necessarily includes: boiled meat and fish, soups without spices, liquid cereals, low-fat cottage cheese, jelly. It is necessary to eat 6 times a day, in small portions. After 2 weeks, gradually expand the diet, but the general restrictions for chronic diseases last the rest of your life.

With an exacerbation for several days, wiped dishes are recommended, well crushed

Bed rest is necessary for patients with duodenitis, peptic ulcer, tumors. If the patient's condition is satisfactory, then you should only get rid of physical activity, learn to cope with stressful situations.

Some diseases of the duodenum do not need treatment. These include: hernia, diverticula, anomalies of the structure, benign formations in the absence of clinical manifestations. Doctors conduct an annual fibrogastroduodenoscopy to monitor the dynamics of the pathology.

Medication treatment

Medicines are prescribed according to the etiological principle, taking into account the identified functional disorders. Infection with worms will require a course of therapy with anthelmintic drugs with control studies feces. Dyskinesia is treated with a regimen, diet, sedatives, physiotherapy.

Confirmation of the presence of Helicobacter pylori is an indication for an eradication course with Amoxicillin, De-nol, Sumamed. For the purpose of anesthesia, the introduction of antispasmodics is indicated. To protect the intestines, drugs should be given by injection. With high acidity, antacids are prescribed: Maalox, Almagel, Gastal.

Omeprazole, Ranitidine, Metoclopramide are used to restore the tone of the pyloric sphincter and motility, relieve nausea. Symptomatic drugs (vitamins, choleretic drugs) will be needed for patients with a long-term chronic course of the disease.

Methyluracil has an anti-inflammatory effect, promotes the healing of erosions, ulcers

Chemotherapy for malignant neoplasms is carried out with cytostatic drugs, which allow to stop reproduction and growth. cancer cells. The combination with radiation therapy helps to delay the development of the tumor.

Application of surgical methods

Surgical treatments are certainly used for diseases such as tumors, hernias, cicatricial stenosis, changes in the structure of the duodenum, obstruction, long-term non-healing ulcers, acute bleeding. Inefficient conservative therapy necessitates a surgical consultation.

Benign neoplasms, hernial protrusions are operated on only if they grow to a significant size and disrupt the passage of food. The most common types of operations are:

vagotomy - excision of the adductor branch of the vagus nerve, often performed laparoscopically;
removal of part of the stomach along with the duodenum (resection) and the formation of a gastroenteroanastomosis with jejunum;
removal of the hernial sac and suturing the wall.

When choosing a method, surgeons are guided by: the state of organ damage (erosion, deep bleeding ulcers), age and concomitant diseases of the patient, prognostic risk postoperative complications.

Resection of the stomach and the affected duodenum practically cures up to 80% of patients

In cases of ulcer rupture or acute bleeding operate on emergency indications to save the patient's life. Interventions are not equal in results. After vagotomy, relapses of the disease occur in 1/3 of patients.

With a malignant neoplasm of the duodenum, an operative tactic is chosen depending on the location of the tumor. In addition to bowel resection, removal of the pancreatic head and duct may be required.

Folk remedies

Herbal medicine for diseases of the stomach and duodenum should support the direction of the main drug treatment. Healers recommend:

decoction of oats, flaxseed;
drink chamomile tea from flowers daily in a warm form;
insist collection of marshmallow root and licorice;
alcohol or water tincture propolis;
decoction of oak bark.

Sanatorium-and-spa treatment consolidates the results of therapy, restores the functions of the duodenum. Health resorts of Essentuki and Kislovodsk are suitable for this purpose. Natural mineral water, mud in the form of applications contain a natural complex of healing substances.

Diseases of the upper intestine rarely occur in isolation, often accompanied by other lesions of the digestive system. Early detection can prevent serious consequences.

The duodenum has 4 sections:

upper horizontal;
descending;
bottom horizontal;
ascending.

The upper horizontal section of the intestine is considered the initial and is a continuation of the pylorus. The upper section has round shape, and therefore it is also called an onion. Its length is 5-6 cm. The descending section, whose length is 7-12 cm, is located near lumbar spine. It is in this section that the ducts of the stomach and pancreas are removed. The length of the lower horizontal section is about 6-8 cm. It crosses the spine in the transverse direction and passes into the ascending section. The ascending part is 4-5 cm long. It is located on the left side of the spinal column.

The duodenum is located within the 2-3 lumbar vertebrae. Depending on the age and weight of the person, the location of the intestine may vary.

The duodenum performs secretory, motor and evacuation functions. The secretory function is to mix the chyme with digestive juices that enter the intestine from the gallbladder and pancreas. The motor function is responsible for the movement of the food gruel. The principle of the evacuation function is to evacuate the chyme to the subsequent sections of the intestine.

2 Causes of pathology

Inflammation of the intestine, as a rule, occurs against the background of gastrointestinal disorders. To causative factors include viral infection, inflammation of the lining of the stomach or gallbladder, diarrhea, low blood flow to the intestines.

Inflammation of the intestine is often caused by an infection with Helicobacter pylori. This bacterium is in the stomach and does not manifest itself in any way. Its presence in the body leads to increased production of gastric acid, which further irritates the duodenal mucosa. Left untreated, the bacterium can cause intestinal ulcers.

Diseases of the duodenum can develop against a background of severe stress or surgery. In some cases, the underlying cause may be the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, smoking, or overuse alcohol.

Inflammation of the duodenum 12 can be caused by food poisoning, eating spicy or fatty foods, as well as a foreign object. It has been proven that some pathologies of the intestine can be hereditary. Pathogenic factors such as diabetes mellitus and cholelithiasis are capable of causing the development of duodenal disease.

Symptoms of duodenal disease have their own clinical picture and may differ from each other.

3 Peptic ulcer

A characteristic symptom of peptic ulcer is indigestion. The patient has frequent and loose stools. Often, patients have a complete intolerance to dairy products and fruits. If the patient has sudden loss weight if available increased appetite, then this may indicate that the duodenum is inflamed.

If ulcers have affected an organ such as the duodenum, symptoms of the disease may appear in a characteristic yellow coating on the tongue. This is due to spasms of the bile ducts, which lead to stagnation of bile. In the advanced stages of the disease, pain appears in the right side and the skin acquires a yellow tint.

With a duodenal ulcer, cicatricial changes in the stomach occur, which as a result leads to the evacuation of food. Congestion in the stomach leads to nausea and vomiting. Often after vomiting general state the patient improves for a while.

Pain is a characteristic symptom of peptic ulcer disease. It can be aching or sharp, prolonged or paroxysmal. As a rule, the pain subsides after eating, which is why they are also called "hungry." This symptom occurs in 70-80% of patients. The pain is felt most often in the lumbar or thoracic region. In some cases, patients with duodenal ulcer may complain of pain in the collarbone.

4 Colon cancer and duodenitis

If a patient has been diagnosed with colon cancer, the symptoms of the disease may manifest as jaundice, fever, and itching. With first-degree cancer, there is pain. It occurs as a result of compression of the nerve fibers by the tumor or blockage of the bile duct. The pain syndrome is most often felt in the right hypochondrium, but in some cases the pain can spread to other organs.

One of the symptoms of the disease is itchy skin. He appears for a reason. high content bilirubin in the blood and irritation of skin receptors by bile acids. Against the background of itching, the patient develops agitation and insomnia.

No less common disease of the duodenum is duodenitis. This ailment manifests itself in the form of distension of the stomach after eating, dull and constant pain, nausea, loss of appetite, vomiting. In patients with this diagnosis, palpation of the epigastric region is painful.

5 Proper nutrition

For any of the diseases of the duodenum, the patient is prescribed a diet. The diet in combination with complex treatment eliminates exacerbations and significantly improves the general condition of the patient. If the duodenum is inflamed, then, first of all, foods that can stimulate the production of gastric acid are excluded from the diet. Such products include sour fruits, fatty broths, fresh vegetable and fruit juices, mushrooms, smoked, salted, fried and pickled foods and spices. Sweet carbonated and alcoholic drinks are also prohibited.

The menu should contain easily digestible fats, such as vegetable oil, cream or margarine.

It is necessary to limit the intake of products that in any way irritate the mucous membrane. In order to avoid overloading the stomach and exacerbating the disease, it is not recommended to eat cold or hot dishes. Food should be at room temperature.

It is forbidden to eat foods that have mechanical irritation. These foods include raw vegetables and fruits, beans, peas, and whole grains. With inflammation of the duodenum, doctors recommend excluding mustard, vinegar, salt and other seasonings from the diet.

Meals should be frequent. You need to eat about 4-5 times a day. Between meals should be at least 3-4 hours. Preference should be given to dishes cooked in boiling water or steamed.

6 Treatment activities

Symptoms and treatment of duodenal pathologies are determined by the doctor after an appropriate examination. If the diagnosis confirmed peptic ulcer, then the patient is prescribed drug treatment. To destroy the Helicobacter pylori bacteria, the patient is prescribed a course of antibiotics. These drugs include Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Metronidazole and Ampiox.

To reduce the production of hydrochloric acid, doctors prescribe Omeprazole, De-Nol and Ranitidine.

These drugs also have a bactericidal effect. For severe pain, doctors prescribe antacids.

Surgical treatment of duodenal ulcer is quite rare. Indications for surgery are complications of the disease. In this case, during the operation, the surgeon can remove the affected area of the intestine, this helps to reduce the production of secretion and the level of hydrochloric acid.

Treatment of patients with a diagnosis of duodenal cancer is carried out with the help of surgery. The type of operation is selected depending on where the malignant tumor is located and at what stage of development the disease is. A small tumor is removed laparoscopically, that is, through minimal punctures in the abdominal wall. If the tumor is large, then it is removed by extensive surgical operation. In this case, the doctor removes the outlet section of the stomach and the omentum adjacent to it, part of the duodenum, gallbladder and head of the pancreas.

If a malignant tumor was diagnosed at a late stage, then this greatly complicates the operation. In this case, the surgeon removes not only the tumor, but also the affected lymph nodes and adjacent tissues.

Apart from surgical treatment The patient is prescribed radiation and chemotherapy. Such treatment helps prevent relapses and prolongs the life of the patient.

Patients diagnosed with duodenitis are prescribed medication and physiotherapy. In acute or chronic duodenitis, doctors prescribe painkillers: Drotaverine, No-shpu and Papaverine. To reduce the level of acidity of gastric juice, antacid drugs are prescribed, such as Omeprazole or Almagel.

If duodenitis has developed against the background helminthic invasion then treatment with antibiotics. To normalize the work of the intestine, drugs are prescribed that enhance its peristalsis. These drugs include Maalox and Domperidone.

As an auxiliary treatment, physiotherapy is performed. Ultrasound, heating, paraffin applications and magnetotherapy are considered effective. Physiotherapy procedures allow you to normalize the blood supply and lymph flow of the abdominal organs, relieve pain.

The human intestine consists of several sections, and inflammatory processes can occur in each of them. Inflammation in the upper segment, in the duodenum, is called duodenitis. The duodenum is an intermediate section between the small intestine and the stomach, and due to its location, it is exposed to a double risk of infection: descending along with gastric contents and ascending from the underlying intestinal sections.

Duodenitis itself, as a separate disease, is not common. Usually, the duodenum becomes inflamed against the background of other diseases of the gastrointestinal system:

gastritis,
pancreatitis,
cholecystitis,
colitis and others.

The frequency of occurrence of this pathology has no connection with the age or gender of a person, it occurs equally in different groups of patients.

The reason that leads to the occurrence of an inflammatory process in the duodenum is damage to its mucous membrane. Most often this occurs when the contents of the stomach with an increased concentration of acid enter from the stomach. Gastric juice with hyperacid properties, penetrating into the intestine, irritates its mucous layer and leads to acute inflammation.

Secondary duodenitis is a consequence of the delay in food masses in the duodenal segment of the intestine. The reason for this phenomenon is duodenostasis - a reduced tone of the walls of the intestinal tube, as a result of which the contents of the stomach long time located in the upper section and negatively affects the mucous membrane. Duodenostasis can also be caused by the presence of an obstacle to the passage of food (adhesions, scars after inflammation or surgery).

Factors that contribute to the occurrence of acute inflammation of the duodenum are as follows:

food poisoning;
abuse of spicy food and alcoholic beverages;
mucosal injury by a foreign object.

A chronic disease develops against the background of pathologies of the digestive tract:

acute and chronic hepatitis(liver damage);
cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder);
stomach ulcers and gastritis (diseases of the gastric mucosa);
Crohn's disease (chronic bowel disease of unknown etiology);
giardiasis;
Whipple's syndrome chronic disorder absorption of fats in the small intestine;
Zollinger-Ellison disease (tumors of the pancreas);
intestinal ischemia (impaired circulation in the intestines);
frequent dyspeptic manifestations (abdominal discomfort, bloating, nausea);
chronic diarrhea.

Gastroenterologists give a special role in the occurrence of duodenitis to a bacterial infection caused by Helicobacter pylori. This microorganism is considered main reason gastritis and peptic ulcer of the stomach. For a long time, the bacterium can exist in the body asymptomatically, and in the presence of favorable conditions, it begins to multiply, stimulating increased secretion hydrochloric acid in the stomach. An excessively acidic environment disrupts the intestinal mucosa, and if you do not get rid of Helicobacter pylori, duodenitis will sooner or later end with a duodenal ulcer.

The development of chronic inflammation is additionally promoted by the action of negative conditions over a long period of time:

irregular and unhealthy diet;
the presence of foci of chronic infections in other body systems (in the genitals, in the nasopharynx, etc.);
severe stress;
bad habits;
taking a number of medications.

Symptoms of duodenitis

Inflammation of the upper intestine can pass without pronounced signs, but in most cases its symptoms still manifest themselves, constantly or periodically. You can suspect something is wrong by the presence of such complaints:

indigestion, poor appetite;
discomfort in the abdomen, especially after eating (heaviness, feeling of overeating);
constant dyspepsia: flatulence, diarrhea, belching;
occasional nausea and vomiting;
pain in the upper abdomen in the center;
hungry and night pains of a aching nature, radiating to the chest area;
excretion of blood with feces or vomiting;
anemia, indicating the presence of internal bleeding;
state of weakness.

With various types of duodenitis clinical picture inflammation may differ, which allows a more accurate diagnosis based on anamnesis.

With the slow passage of food through the duodenal tube (duodenostasis), pain is localized in the epigastric region and in the right hypochondrium. Painful sensations there are seizures, they are in the nature of bursting, twisting. The pain is accompanied by severe bloating, a feeling of fluid transfusion, rumbling. A bitter taste may appear in the mouth, if vomiting occurs, then most often it is bile.
The combination of duodenitis with an ulcer gives severe pain on an empty stomach The remaining symptoms of inflammation are also present, but it is the “hungry” pains that make it possible to suspect the presence of duodenal ulcer.
If the underlying intestines are also covered by inflammation, the pains “descend” from the stomach area to the area of the small and large intestines. At the same time, the patient is worried about the troubles characteristic of colitis, enteritis: diarrhea, increased peristalsis, bloating.

The long course of the disease leads to such a serious consequence as atrophy of the duodenal mucosa. At the same time, the process of secretion of digestive enzymes is disrupted, the breakdown of food and the absorption of nutrients in the intestine worsen. This already threatens not only multiple pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, but also affects the functioning of the organs of the whole organism: anemia develops, micronutrient deficiencies, vitamin deficiency, cardiovascular, muscular, nervous system. It is important to identify the disease at an early stage, without waiting until it causes irreversible damage health.

To diagnose duodenitis, you need to contact a specialist in the field of gastroenterology. He will be able to make a preliminary diagnosis already on the basis of anamnesis and palpation of the abdomen: pain will be present during palpation in the epigastric zone. To clarify the nature of duodenitis and its differentiation from other diseases, objective studies are carried out:

EFGDS (esophagogastroduodenoscopy) - a tube (probe) with illumination and a camera is inserted through the patient's mouth, which allows you to examine upper part gastrointestinal tract for pathologies.
If necessary, during the endoscopic procedure, biomaterial is taken for analysis - a biopsy is taken. Targeted gastrobiopsy allows you to detect foci of settlement of Helicobacter pylori and examine the mucosa if you suspect a tumor disease.
Ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs is today a standard procedure that is informative for detecting neoplasms, changes in the size of organs, etc.
X-ray of the stomach and duodenum - the introduction of a contrast agent helps to "enlighten" digestive organs and find defects.
Analysis of gastric juice to study its composition, acidity level.
Analysis for Helicobacter pylori - to identify a possible causative agent of infection.
Coprogram - a study of feces to assess the functioning of the digestive tract.
Triple examination of feces for occult blood.
Blood biochemistry - determines the indicators characterizing the work of the digestive tract (bilirubin, cholesterol, serum protein electrophoresis).
Specific analysis for antibodies produced in the body with autoimmune etiology of gastroduodenitis.

Classification of duodenitis

Inflammation of the duodenum (duodenitis) is a disease that is divided into various types according to localization, course, pathogen, etc. An approximate classification of this disease is as follows:

1. By etiology:

acute duodenitis - characterized by an unexpected occurrence, vivid symptoms, a short course, it can be in a catarrhal, phlegmonous and ulcerative form;
chronic inflammation - exists for a long time (up to several years) with mild clinical manifestations; can act as independent disease(primary) or as a result of other pathologies (secondary duodenitis).

2. According to the location of the foci of inflammation:

diffuse (common);
local - pilitis (inflammation of the major papilla), bulbitis (proximal duodenitis), postbulbar duodenitis (lesion of the distal section).

3. According to the depth of the mucosal lesion:

superficial (edema, hyperemia);
interstitial (with penetration into the deep layers);
atrophic (thinning and absence of the mucous membrane in the area of inflammation);
erosive (the appearance of erosions and wounds on the walls of the intestine).

Specific duodenitis that has arisen against the background of a fungal infection, tuberculosis, immunodeficiency states, Crohn's disease and other diseases is distinguished into a special group.

Diet for duodenitis

The main direction in the treatment of duodenitis is the development and adherence to a therapeutic diet. Its main principle is the most gentle effect on the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines. It means:

5-6 meals a day;
small portions;
cooking method - steamed or boiled;
the consistency of the dishes is liquid, semi-liquid, mushy (solid food should be ground or ground);
food temperature is warm; cold and especially hot should be avoided;
complete exclusion of sour, salty, spicy, smoked, fried, canned;
refusal of alcohol.

A strict diet must be followed for at least 10-12 days until the acute period of inflammation passes. In chronic duodenitis, depending on the form of the disease and its combination with other pathologies, the patient is recommended to follow a diet for life:

table No. 1, 1b - with an ulcerative variant of development;
table number 2 - with gastritis with low acidity;
table number 5 - for pathologies of the liver, gallbladder and bile ducts;
table number 5p - in the presence of pancreatitis.

There are other options for a therapeutic diet, which one is more suitable for a particular patient, the doctor should determine after the examination. General recommendations nutrition for duodenitis are as follows:

Dairy products and fats: whole milk, sour-milk drinks, fresh cottage cheese, sour cream, mild cheeses of medium hardness, adding milk to tea, soups, cereals; butter, refined vegetable oils; couple omelet.
First courses: soups on vegetable broth, weak meat broth, and milk are allowed. The recommended consistency is puree soup, cream soup (all solid ingredients are added to the soup in a pureed form).
Porridges and side dishes: cereals boiled in water or milk (rice, buckwheat, semolina, cereals); small pasta, casseroles and puddings from the listed products.
Vegetables: boiled potatoes, carrots, zucchini, cauliflower, broccoli (all - in the form of mashed potatoes).
Fruits: soft, non-acidic fruits and berries, preferably baked or boiled (from compote), in the form of mousses.
Meat and fish are low-fat varieties in the form of boiled minced meat, steam cutlets, meatballs and other chopped dishes.
Drinks: compotes from sweet berries and dried fruits, jelly, rosehip broth, weak tea, vegetable juices diluted with water.
Bread products: crackers, dried white bread.

The following are under the ban:

soft bread and pastry products;
pancakes, pancakes;
legumes;
coarse cereals (barley, millet);
large pasta;
scrambled eggs and hard boiled eggs;
fatty milk;
fatty and spicy cheeses;
fatty meat and fish;
ice cream, sweets;
strong tea and coffee;
soda;
alcohol;
spicy seasonings and sauces;
frying as a way of cooking.

Treatment of inflammation of the duodenum

In the treatment of duodenitis, medical, physiotherapeutic and spa methods are combined. During acute inflammation or exacerbation of a chronic disease, the appointment of symptomatic therapy is indicated:

The chronic form of duodenitis involves a long-term use of medications prescribed by a gastroenterologist:

anticholinergics (Atropine, Gastrocepin, Peritol) reduce pain;
enterosorbents and antacids (Enterosgel, Smecta, Phosphalugel) help protect the mucosa from negative factors;
healing and anti-inflammatory agents (Duogastron, Methyluracil, vitamin B, aloe extract) enhance tissue regeneration, prevent the progression of inflammation;
dopamine blockers (Cerukal, Raglan) fight nausea and vomiting in violation of the motor function of the duodenum;
sedatives (valerian, motherwort) cope with the manifestations of neurasthenia, often associated with duodenitis.

Secondary inflammation requires, first of all, getting rid of the underlying disease, only in this case, the treatment of duodenitis will give a positive and long-term effect. A rather rare form of duodenitis - phlegmous, which is an acute purulent inflammation, is treated surgically, followed by antibiotic therapy. As an aid in duodenitis, physiotherapeutic procedures are used, which are carried out without exacerbation of the disease:

warming of the epigastric region;
paraffin and ozocerite applications;
ultrasound;
diadynamic therapy;
magnetotherapy;
electrosleep;
balneotherapy.

Physiotherapy helps to activate the lymph flow and blood supply to the abdominal organs, reduces pain, has an anti-inflammatory effect, improves secretory function digestive system.

During the period of remission, all patients with duodenitis are treated in sanatorium conditions to reduce the frequency of relapses.

Treatment of inflammation of the duodenum (duodenitis) folk remedies

Self-treatment with the help of folk remedies in the case of the duodenum is not recommended, because, without understanding the types and severity of the inflammatory process, you can make it even worse. But how auxiliary measures in the fight against duodenitis natural medicines can do a good job if applied in addition to medical prescriptions and after consulting with the attending gastroenterologist.

The intake of folk remedies should be aimed at reducing the aggressiveness of gastric juice, protecting the intestinal mucosa from its effects and its regeneration. Phytotherapy, bee products, oils are successfully used for these purposes.

Here are 10 of the most effective recipes for treating duodenal inflammation 12:

Aloe potion. For centuries, aloe has been known for its antimicrobial and healing properties. They determine the effectiveness of this plant in the fight against duodenitis. However, there are some subtleties here to ensure maximum useful action medicines: the age of the plant should be in the range of 3-5 years, and before picking the leaves, it is necessary to refrain from watering for about 2 weeks. From a pound of washed leaves, you need to squeeze the juice and place it in a glass container. Add ½ liter of dry red wine and 500 g of honey there. Let the mixture stand for about 10 days, then strain the liquid and bottle it for storage. Treatment regimen: 1st, 4th and following weeks - 1 tsp. medicines after breakfast, lunch and dinner; 2nd and 3rd weeks - 1 tbsp. drink from aloe in the same mode. The term of admission is up to 3 months.
Alcohol tincture of propolis. Infuse for 20 days 20 grams of propolis per half liter of 70% alcohol. Put the bottle in a dark place and shake it daily. Drop 15 drops of the product into a tablespoon of warm sweet milk, drink before meals three times a day. This remedy is contraindicated in children.
Juice therapy. Vegetables are suitable for treatment with juices: cabbage, potatoes, celery. For example, fresh potato juice is drunk after each meal in half a glass. Juice must be squeezed from tubers with a peel, it is advisable to take a variety with a purple tint. A mixture of cabbage and celery juices in a ratio of 4 to 1 is taken 5 times a day on a full stomach for a month, about a liter of liquid is prepared per day.
Potato decoction. Potatoes can help with duodenitis, not only in the form of fresh juice, the water in which it was boiled is also suitable. The broth should be warm, without salt and seasonings. Drink 0.5 - 1 glass in case of unpleasant symptoms.
Sea buckthorn oil. This oil is one of the most famous wound healing agents. 1 tsp oil, taken in the morning with meals, envelops the mucous layer of the stomach, intestines, relieves inflammation and causes fast recovery fabrics.
Honey, as a disinfectant and anti-inflammatory substance, has long been used in the treatment of gastrointestinal pathologies. With duodenitis, it should be consumed dissolved in water (1-2 tablespoons for half a glass of boiling water that has cooled to a comfortable temperature) 3 times a day. The course of admission is until the symptoms of the disease disappear.
Chamomile tea. Chamomile infusion is a well-known herbal antiseptic, in gastroenterology it is famous for being able to destroy Helicobacter pylori responsible for the development of gastroduodenitis and ulcers. Iced tea should be drunk several times a day. Chamomile can be alternated with a warm infusion of dandelion flowers.
Herbs. Boil 2 cups of water with 2 tbsp. herbal collection, cool and strain. Take half a glass of decoction before each meal, 30 minutes before. Ingredients included in the collection against duodenitis: yarrow herb, shepherd's purse, goose cinquefoil; roots of marshmallow, wheatgrass, lemon balm, valerian, dandelion; nettle leaves and coltsfoot; lavender flowers - each raw material 50 gr.
Kiseli. This tasty and healthy berry drink is used to treat duodenitis with both superficial and erosive clinics. Kissel can be cooked from different berries, except for cranberries, but it is best to cook it from wild rose. Recipe: Pour a glass of fruit with a liter of boiling water, leave closed for 1 hour, strain. Set aside the drained liquid and take up the berries. They need to be mashed into porridge, pour half a liter of water and boil for 15 minutes. Mix the strained broth with the cooled infusion, add the grated rose hips, put on the stove. At the moment of boiling, add starch diluted in water to the drink. Drink with duodenitis instead of tea.

Prevention of inflammatory diseases of the duodenum

If a person has already encountered this unpleasant disease, the priority for him is to comply with measures secondary prevention. It is aimed at preventing relapses and further spread of the inflammatory process, the transition of duodenitis to a duodenal ulcer.

A patient with duodenitis is registered with a gastroenterologist, undergoes scheduled examinations to examine and correct preventive measures. As a rule, they consist in following a diet, taking recommended medications, and anti-ulcer therapy. At high risk of ulcer formation, the patient is indicated for hospitalization for prompt and effective cupping pre-ulcer state.

Medicine knows several major pathologies of the duodenum 12. Symptoms of duodenal disease differ depending on the type of disease. More often a person is faced with ulcers, duodenitis and neoplasms in this organ. Diagnostic procedures practically do not differ, which cannot be said about treatment, which is based on the characteristics of the pathological condition of the digestive department.

Organ structure

The duodenum is part of the small intestine. It takes part in the absorption of nutrients, and also provides further transportation of food. In the duodenum, the final digestion of products occurs, since the secretion necessary for this occurs in it. It receives enzymes, bile and acids secreted by other organs (pancreas, liver). The duodenum is one of the smallest components of the small intestine (30 cm). Its name is due precisely to the length of 12 fingers. This is the part of the intestine that exits directly from the stomach. Between these organs is the food valve. The duodenum is localized in the retroperitoneal space and is divided into 4 parts:

top;
descending;
horizontal;
ascending.

The mucous membrane of the duodenum is covered with folds, villi. On the descending section there is a large papilla, which contains the bile duct and the pancreatic excretory duct. The submucosal layer contains blood vessels and nerves. The muscular layer of the organ is responsible for the motility and tone of the intestine. The serous ball is the protection of the body from external factors.

Possible diseases

Diseases of the duodenum provoke the development of the inflammatory process of the mucosa.

Diseases of the duodenum are inflammatory processes in the mucous membranes of the organ, which affect its functioning and the digestive chain as a whole. Can provoke the development of inflammation various diseases that affect the functioning of the whole organism. Every year, the average age of patients decreases, which is due to the rhythm of life, bad habits, food "on the go" and other factors. Mucosal atrophy, duodenal hormonal insufficiency, fistulas, bleeding are common complications of inflammatory processes in the duodenum in a neglected state.

Duodenitis duodenal ulcer

Duodenitis is a disease of the duodenum, which is localized in the transitional intestine. Inflammation can be secondary (associated with another disease) and primary. In this case, a spasm of the sphincter of Oddi and a thickening of the walls of the organ occur. Often occurs against the background of secretory insufficiency. A neglected disease can lead to atrophy of the mucosa of the organ. There are such signs of pathology, which depend on the neglect of the process and concomitant disease:

pain in the epigastrium - just below the stomach of a blunt or acute character;
nausea;
gagging;
spasms;
burning in the esophagus;
prostration;
swelling of the mucosa of the organ;
feeling of fullness in the region of the stomach after eating.

peptic ulcer

A duodenal ulcer is an inflammation that is accompanied by the appearance of ulcers on the mucous membranes of the organ. The pathology is chronic and often recurs. The endoscopic picture shows a thickening of the intestinal wall. The disease can spread to other parts of the gastrointestinal tract. If the disease is not treated, fistulas, mucosal atrophy and severe bleeding may appear, which is dangerous for the patient's life. In the absence of adequate medical care, complications can lead to a fatal outcome.

The most common cause of ulcers is Helicobacter pylori. This type of pathological microorganisms affects the mucous membranes of the digestive organs with toxins, the release of which occurs during their life. They enhance the secretion of enzymes in the body. Peptic ulcer disease is often secondary, and occurs as a consequence of gastritis, duodenitis. Other reasons:

genetic propensity;
stress and psycho-emotional problems;
drinking and smoking;
bad nutrition.

sharp pain in the epigastric region, which shoots into the back, ribs;
nausea and vomiting due to stagnation of food;
pain on the right under the ribs due to stagnation of bile;
blood impurities in vomit and feces (sometimes).

Erosion of the duodenum

erosion - inflammatory process on the surface of the mucous membrane of the organ, which does not penetrate into muscle layer, and is accompanied by the appearance of eroded areas. On ultrasound, a thickening of the wall of the organ is observed. Can provoke the disease:

stress and psycho-emotional stress;
smoking;
helicobacteria;
poor nutrition;
medicines.

Erosion of the duodenum is accompanied by a number of symptoms.

Signs of the pathological process:

belching;
burning in the esophagus;
stool problems;
pain syndrome.

duodenostasis

Duodenostasis is also called dyskinesia - a disease that affects the motor function of the duodenum, which is why food gruel (chyme) cannot be evacuated from the small intestine, which causes prolonged stagnation of food. Dysfunction is accompanied by such symptoms:

loss of appetite;
it hurts in the stomach area and on the right under the ribs;
be sick;
constipation worries.

Causes of the disease:

rash;
itching of the skin;
diarrhea;
pain (pain in the abdomen);
heartburn.

Neoplasms

Malignant tumors of the internal organ occur infrequently.

Duodenal cancer is rarely diagnosed, usually in older people. Its development is preceded by dysplasia. There are 3 degrees of pathology. In stage 3 dysplasia, the development of cancer is rarely avoided. With dysplasia, the histological structure of the epithelial tissue of the organ is disturbed.

Symptoms are similar to other organ diseases:

painful sensations, which are enhanced by palpation;
lack of appetite up to disgust for food;
prostration;
sharp weight loss;
obstructive jaundice due to impaired bile excretion.

Lymphofollicular hyperplasia is a submucosal lesion of the duodenum, which can spread to all digestive organs, peritoneal lymph nodes. It is also considered a precancerous condition. If lymphofollicular hyperplasia extensively affects intestinal tissues, there are external signs. But if it is limited to a small area of the duodenum, there may be no symptoms at all. With any tumor, a uniform thickening of the intestinal walls is visible.

Obstruction

Chronic obstruction of the organ develops for a variety of reasons. Among them:

incorrect rotation of the intestine;
inverted and mobile intestine;
congenital malformations;
vascular compression.

The entry of gallstones into the stomach is possible through a fistula between the organ and the duodenum or stomach. The stone migrates through the alimentary canal, gets stuck in the thin sections of the intestine. This type of obstruction is extremely rare. Before the onset of the pathology of the patient, the pain syndrome on the right under the ribs worries for a long time. Gallstone obstruction of the small intestine is usually diagnosed in females in old age.

Malformations

Diverticula of the duodenum are a congenital disease.

Abnormal development of the organ is rare. One of the pathological conditions is congenital stenosis, which is diagnosed in the first hours of a child's life (vomiting, regurgitation, lack of stool). To congenital anomalies includes a diverticulum (protrusion of the wall). Lymphangiectasia belongs to this group of diseases. The cause of development is unilateral lymphedema. Lymphangiectasia can develop due to other malformations of the digestive tract, for example, against the background of Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis.

Diagnosis of diseases of the duodenum

Diseases of the duodenum are diagnosed using the following methods:

fibrogastroduodenoscopy;
biopsy and biopath analysis;
analysis for Helicobacter pylori;
general blood analysis;
occult blood test;

Principles of treatment and prevention

Methods of treatment are chosen by the doctor depending on the pathology. You can treat the duodenum 12:

medicines;
folk remedies;
surgically.

Possible drugs:

antibiotics;
drugs that reduce the secretion of hydrochloric acid;
antacids;
painkillers.

Treatment with folk remedies consists in taking medicines from components that increase immunity, improve digestion, and have healing and antibacterial properties. Use honey, chamomile, propolis, marshmallow, dandelion roots, aloe. The patient is on a diet. You need to drink plenty of fluids. The required liquid is calculated by the formula - 30 ml per 1 kg of weight. You can eat cereals (without giving up semolina, buckwheat, barley porridge), eggs, lean meats and fish, dairy bread. It is forbidden to use mushrooms, canned food, marinades, sausages, buns. Such a diet the best prevention diseases of the duodenum.

Diseases of the duodenum (duodenum) are inflammatory and non-inflammatory in nature.

The inflammatory process occurs as a result of irritation of the mucous membrane of the organ by gastric juice with an increased concentration of acid, the penetration of bacterial infections.
The development of diseases is not inflammatory nature contribute to: environmental factors, malnutrition, stress.

Duodenitis

Duodenitis (duodenitis) is the most common inflammatory disease in which the walls and mucous membrane of the duodenum are affected. With a long course of the disease, atrophic changes occur in the structure of the membrane. Inflammation can occur in acute or chronic form.

Acute duodenitis occurs as a result of the negative impact chemical substances or damage to the mucous membrane by foreign bodies.

The main symptoms of the disease occurring in acute form: aching or intense pain in the epigastric (pit of the stomach), nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, weakness, fever.

Chronic duodenitis during exacerbations is manifested by a violation of the stool, rumbling in the abdomen, nausea, bitter belching, pain. Depending on the clinical manifestations, several types of the disease are distinguished.

Pain in the epigastric region some time after eating indicates an ulcer-like variant of duodenitis. Often the disease is complicated by bleeding.

With a cholecystic-like form of the disease, there are severe pains in the right hypochondrium, radiating to the abdomen or subscapular region.

A feeling of heaviness and pain in the upper part of the epigastric region are characteristic of gastritis-like duodenitis.

In some cases, there is a mixed form in which all of the above symptoms are present.

As you can see, the clinical picture of duodenitis is similar to peptic ulcer, chronic cholecystitis, and other functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. An accurate diagnosis is based on the results of an endoscopic examination.

Inflammation of the duodenum is classified according to the degree of change in the mucous membrane. In the catarrhal form, only the upper layers of the organ are affected. Thickening of the mucous membrane and the formation of folds is characteristic of the hypertrophic type of the disease. Small erosions and ulcers indicate an erosive form of inflammation.

With atrophic duodenitis, the mucous tissues become thinner, and the secretory function is disturbed.

According to the localization of inflammation, types of duodenitis are distinguished.

Focal. A small area of the intestine is affected.
Distal. Inflammation develops in the region where the duodenum passes into the small intestine.
diffuse. The entire mucous membrane is affected.
proximal. The pathological process occurs in the area of the intestine near the stomach.

Chronic duodenitis occurs with alternating phases of inflammation and remission. In most patients, the exacerbation lasts for several weeks.

Treatment depends on the causes of the disease. Proper therapy and diet can reduce the frequency of relapses.

Peptic ulcer of the duodenum

Duodenal ulcer is a chronic inflammatory disease.
On the mucous membrane, wounds are formed that have the shape of a small crater. The size of the ulcer is from 5 to 10 mm in diameter. In severe cases, defects of more than three centimeters are observed.

Peptic ulcer disease occurs as a result of various factors. The initial section is most often affected. The acidic contents of the stomach are thrown into it.

The main causes provoking duodenal ulcer.

Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter pylori produces toxic substances that destroy intestinal epithelial cells. This leads to erosion. In addition, as a result of the vital activity of bacteria, ammonia is released, which contributes to cell death.
Aggressive effect of hydrochloric acid. Acid violates the integrity of the mucous membrane and promotes inflammation of certain areas.
Prolonged stress. They provoke spasms of the vessels of the intestinal mucosa, which disrupt the nutrition of cells. As a result, some of the cells die, ulcers form in their place. Also, the development of duodenal ulcer is promoted by: malnutrition, hereditary predisposition, impaired immunity, and taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Some risk factors can be avoided. You have to learn how to react calmly. stressful situations, give up junk food do not abuse drugs.

The clinical picture of duodenal ulcer is more pronounced during the period of exacerbation. The main symptom is hunger and night pain, which subsides after eating, antacid drugs or vomiting. Pain sensations are of varying intensity and appear periodically. The exacerbation lasts from several days to several weeks. During the period of remission, patients feel well.

Typical symptoms are: heartburn, belching, loss of appetite. Many patients experience constipation during an exacerbation. Nausea and vomiting are less common.

In some cases, the disease proceeds with mild symptoms, and the ulcer heals on its own.

If the duodenal ulcer is not treated, the submucosal and muscular layers are affected. Complications develop in the form of bleeding, perforation, scarring and malignancy.

When the ulcer is perforated, the contents of the intestine enter the abdominal cavity and cause purulent peritonitis. The first symptom of perforation is a sharp pain in the epigastric region, which spreads rapidly, covers the entire abdomen and radiates to the right shoulder or shoulder blade.

Tumors of the duodenum

Benign tumors (myoma, lipoma, hemangioma, adenomatous polyp) are rare. In most cases, they are localized in the region of the Vater papilla. There are no symptoms in the early stages. Large neoplasms disrupt the passage of food slurry and are accompanied by bleeding, cramping pains in the epigastric region.

Cancer of the duodenum is also a relatively rare disease. Neoplasms are formed from intestinal glands and epithelial cells of intestinal crypts. Under the microscope, the tumors present as a dense ulcerated surface with high margins.

Predispose to the development of the disease:

hereditary factors;
Crohn's disease;
benign adenomas;
bad habits and unbalanced diet.

Cancer cells metastasize to the regional lymph glands. In neighboring organs (liver, pancreas, root of the mesentery of the small intestine) rarely spread.

In the early stages, the disease is difficult to diagnose. A cancerous tumor does not manifest itself for a long time. Symptoms appear when the neoplasm narrows the intestinal lumen or tumor intoxication develops. There are pains of varying intensity; weakness and fast fatiguability; decreased appetite and immunity; the temperature rises.

On the late stages if the neoplasm affects the bile duct, patients develop yellowness of the skin, feces become discolored due to an increase in bilirubin.

As the pathological tumor grows, symptoms such as flatulence, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, and blood in the stool are observed.

Seeking medical help when mild symptoms appear can save health and life.

Diverticula of the duodenum 12

Saccular protrusions form on the walls of the organ.

The formation of a diverticulum is facilitated by:

congenital weakness of the duodenal wall;
inflammatory diseases of neighboring organs;
poor nutrition;
age-related changes in connective tissue.

Usually the disease is asymptomatic. In some cases, after eating, there are pain and heaviness in the right side of the abdomen, nausea. Obstructive jaundice is observed if the bile duct is in a diverticulum.

Severe pain occurs when an inflammatory process occurs in the diverticulum.

Fistulas of the duodenum

The formation of internal duodenal fistulas is promoted pathological processes in the intestinal wall. They pass to neighboring organs (gall bladder, cavity of the large and small intestine). Also, from nearby organs, the disease can spread to the duodenum.

Symptoms depend on which part of the gastrointestinal tract communicates with the intestine through the fistulous tract. For example, when a channel with the gallbladder is formed, the following are observed: gas and stool retention, nausea, vomiting, bitterness in the mouth.

External duodenal fistulas (connection of the skin surface with the intestinal lumen)
formed after penetrating wounds, injuries of the abdominal organs and discrepancies surgical sutures. As a result of the loss of digestive juice, the balance of electrolytes and proteins is disturbed.

Symptoms of diseases of the duodenum are similar to the clinical manifestations of diseases of neighboring organs. In some cases, the diagnosis can be made after a complete examination of the gastrointestinal tract.

Note!

The presence of symptoms such as:

smell from the mouth
stomach ache
heartburn
diarrhea
constipation
nausea, vomiting
belching
increased gas production (flatulence)

If you have at least 2 of these symptoms, then this indicates a developing

gastritis or ulcer.

These diseases are dangerous for the development of serious complications (penetration, gastric bleeding, etc.), many of which can lead to

LETHAL

exodus. Treatment needs to start now.

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